Question 1

A conditioned stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)   a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
B)   an unlearned reaction that occurs without previous conditioning.
C)   a previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, acquires the capacity to elicit a conditioned response.
D)   a learned reaction that occurs because of previous conditioning.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Accepted Answer

A)   talk.
B)   play baseball.
C)   walk.
D)   love the smell of her father's after shave.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Carly used to be afraid of visits to her family doctor because she associated the sight of his waiting room with the pain of having a blood sample drawn. However, Carly's new doctor's lab worker is "painless," and the sight of the waiting room is no longer associated with pain. Consequently, Carly finds her fear of visits to her family doctor has disappeared. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   extinction.
C)   second-order conditioning.
D)   avoidance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

You discover that a phone that has always worked no longer does so. You stop using it. In operant conditioning, this would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   punishment.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   intermittent reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square also salivates when shown a rectangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus discrimination.
B)   response discrimination.
C)   stimulus generalization.
D)   response generalization.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In classical conditioning, spontaneous recovery refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the return of a conditioned response that had been extinguished, after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
B)   a loss of responding that results from the repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus without an unconditioned stimulus.
C)   learning that an event signals the absence, or non-occurrence, of the unconditioned stimulus.
D)   a procedure which uses an established conditioned stimulus to condition a response to a second, neutral stimulus.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square does not salivate when shown a triangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   stimulus discrimination.
C)   response generalization.
D)   response discrimination.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which

Accepted Answer

A)   an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models.
B)   a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
C)   voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences.
D)   an event following a response increases an organism's tendency to make that response.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   state-dependent learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Every Sunday morning when Benjamin was a young child, his family would have a special breakfast complete with freshly baked cinnamon rolls. To this day he finds himself smiling whenever he smells cinnamon rolls baking. The smell of the cinnamon rolls is ____ for his positive feelings.

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned stimulus.
B)   an unconditioned stimulus.
C)   a discriminative stimulus.
D)   a cue.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called

Accepted Answer

A)   disinhibition.
B)   reconditioning.
C)   stimulus generalization.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A schedule of reinforcement is

Accepted Answer

A)   the reinforcement of closer and closer approximation of a desired response.
B)   a specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time.
C)   a pattern of resistance to extinction.
D)   a description of whether positive or negative reinforcement is in use.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

In higher-order conditioning ____ now functions as if it were ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned stimulus; an unconditioned stimulus
B)   an unconditioned stimulus; a conditioned stimulus
C)   a conditioned response; an unconditioned response
D)   an unconditioned response; a conditioned responseE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love. In this example, the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Accepted Answer

A)   a conditioned response.
B)   an unconditioned response.
C)   a conditioned stimulus.
D)   an unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Accepted Answer

A)   sing a song.
B)   tie shoe laces.
C)   print letters.
D)   fear the dark.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   contiguity.
C)   acquisition.
D)   conditioning.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

In Pavlov's principle experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned response.
B)   conditioned stimulus.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   unconditioned response.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

A discriminative stimulus is

Accepted Answer

A)   the same thing as a reinforcer.
B)   the same thing as a conditioned stimulus.
C)   a cue that indicates the probable consequences of an operant response.
D)   a cue that indicates whether the unconditioned stimulus will be pleasant or aversive.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine. This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio
B)   variable ratio
C)   fixed interval
D)   variable intervalE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Accepted Answer

A)   is weaker than the previously conditioned response.
B)   is stronger than the previously conditioned response.
C)   occurs before the conditioned stimulus.
D)   changes to an unconditioned stimulus.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 11: Learning Part 1

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct Answer
verified

The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called

Correct Answer
verified

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct Answer
verified

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine. This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Correct Answer
verified

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love. In this example, the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Correct Answer
verified

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct Answer
verified

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Correct Answer
verified

In higher-order conditioning now functions as if it were .

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning, spontaneous recovery refers to

Correct Answer
verified

In Pavlov's principle experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square also salivates when shown a rectangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

You discover that a phone that has always worked no longer does so. You stop using it. In operant conditioning, this would be an example of

Correct Answer
verified

A schedule of reinforcement is

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which

Correct Answer
verified

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square does not salivate when shown a triangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

A conditioned stimulus is

Correct Answer
verified

A discriminative stimulus is

Correct Answer
verified

Every Sunday morning when Benjamin was a young child, his family would have a special breakfast complete with freshly baked cinnamon rolls. To this day he finds himself smiling whenever he smells cinnamon rolls baking. The smell of the cinnamon rolls is ____ for his positive feelings.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Learning Part 1

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people find it hard to "walk away from" or stop playing a slot machine. This is because slot machines reward playing on a ____ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love. In this example, the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The initial stage of learning a response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In higher-order conditioning ____ now functions as if it were ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, spontaneous recovery refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's principle experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square also salivates when shown a rectangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You discover that a phone that has always worked no longer does so. You stop using it. In operant conditioning, this would be an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A schedule of reinforcement is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a dog that has been classically conditioned to salivate when shown a square does not salivate when shown a triangle, the dog's behavior illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A conditioned stimulus is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A discriminative stimulus is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every Sunday morning when Benjamin was a young child, his family would have a special breakfast complete with freshly baked cinnamon rolls. To this day he finds himself smiling whenever he smells cinnamon rolls baking. The smell of the cinnamon rolls is ____ for his positive feelings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In higher-order conditioning now functions as if it were .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified