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Which of the following statements BEST characterizes Lincoln's stance on emancipation through the spring of 1862?


A) He ordered his generals to emancipate all the slaves in any southern territories which they conquered.
B) He issued a decree abolishing slavery in the Border States in order to establish his authority to abolish slavery in the South.
C) He unsuccessfully urged Congress and the Border States to implement a plan of gradual,compensated emancipation.
D) He did not officially endorse a policy of emancipating slaves in rebellious territories,but he tacitly supported Union generals who emancipated slaves on their own initiative.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What happened to Sergeant William Walker of the Third South Carolina Regiment after he led his men to stack their arms by their captain's tent and declare themselves released from duty because the army would not grant them equal pay?


A) He received a personal audience from President Lincoln,who agreed that the treatment of black soldiers was unjust.
B) He was stripped to the waist and whipped two hundred times for mutiny.
C) He was executed by firing squad.
D) He was dismissed from the service and sentenced to forty years in prison.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is LEAST accurate?


A) It exempted from its provisions 800,000 slaves living in the Border States.
B) It was justified primarily on the grounds of military necessity.
C) It exempted from its provisions large numbers of slaves in conquered Confederate territories.
D) It was widely ridiculed by African Americans and European liberals as an empty gesture.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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How did militant abolitionists view Abraham Lincoln during the election of 1860 and the first year of the Civil War?


A) They believed that he shared their principles and that his antislavery policies were strong and good.
B) They applauded his stance on slavery,though they lamented that Congress would not allow him to take stronger measures to end it.
C) They believed that he was too willing to push through antislavery measures without considering the effects they would have on white northerners' support for the war effort.
D) They often opposed his policies,which they believed did not take a sufficiently firm or consistent stand against slavery.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which general issued Special Order No.15,which briefly placed black families in possession of forty-acre tracts on the South Carolina Sea Islands?


A) Ulysses S.Grant
B) William Tecumseh Sherman
C) Benjamin Butler
D) Rufus Saxton

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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With regard to the production of food,the states of the Confederacy


A) enjoyed a significant advantage over the Union because of their massive acreage of arable land.
B) found it difficult to shift from the production of cash crops to the production of food,especially since slaves refused to learn the techniques of grain production.
C) adopted a policy whereby slaves were granted access to small parcels of land in return for growing grains to feed the Confederate army.
D) passed laws which turned over all the arable land in the South to the production of cotton,which was traded for food and other essential goods.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements BEST captures northerners' attitude toward emancipation at the beginning of the Civil War?


A) The majority of white northerners recognized from the onset that victory in the war could be accomplished only if the slaves were freed.
B) Despite the resistance of a few partisan opponents of the Lincoln administration,most white northerners viewed the emancipation of slaves as the single most important objective of the war.
C) Opposition to emancipation was strong in the North,particularly in regions settled by white southerners and among white laborers.
D) Although northern Democrats consistently demanded that the government make emancipation its priority,the most conservative Republicans in power insisted on keeping emancipation off the table until late in the war.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to the Confiscation Acts of 1861 and 1862,slaves who fell into the hands of the Union army were to be regarded as


A) citizens of the United States.
B) contraband of war.
C) the rightful property of their masters,whether or not the masters were in active rebellion against the United States.
D) prizes to be sold for the mutual gain of the Union army and the individual soldiers who captured them.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following states seceded from the Union after Lincoln was elected but before he came to office?


A) South Carolina
B) Virginia
C) Arkansas
D) Tennessee

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Peter Herbert and Mary S.Peake were prominent examples of southern blacks who


A) provided educational opportunities to the contrabands.
B) assisted Union forces as guides and spies.
C) engaged in sabotage to undermine the Confederate war effort.
D) administered to sick and wounded Union soldiers.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements about the Confederacy's impressment of slaves is MOST accurate?


A) Throughout most of the war,President Davis refused to sanction the impressment of slaves because he viewed it as a violation of the very rights for which the Confederacy was fighting.
B) Slaves looked forward to being impressed because they were treated better in the military than they were at home.
C) Although the Confederate government tried to impress slaves into service,the state governments refused to do so,obstructing the efforts of the federal government.
D) The resistance of slaveholders,who often refused to relinquish their slaves,helped to render the policy of impressment ineffective.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Lincoln issued his preliminary emancipation proclamation five days after a Union victory at which battle?


A) Gettysburg
B) Antietam
C) Shiloh
D) Corinth

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederacy's refusal to grant prisoner-of-war status to captured black soldiers?


A) He ordered that blacks be removed from combat positions to limit the possibility that they would be captured.
B) He threatened to retaliate in kind on Confederate prisoners for any harm that was inflicted on Union ones.
C) He ordered his generals not to kill all enemy soldiers who fell into their hands until the Confederacy changed its policy.
D) He strongly criticized the Confederate policy,but concluded that he could do nothing about it.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about the education of the contrabands is LEAST accurate?


A) Private institutions worked with the Union military to establish schools for escaped slaves.
B) The education of the contrabands depended on the services of both white and black teachers.
C) The federal government developed a formal,coherent policy to guide the education of former slaves.
D) By late in the Civil War,educational opportunities for blacks had been extended to most areas occupied by Union troops.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about black soldiers in the Union army is LEAST accurate?


A) Their mortality rate was forty percent higher than that of their white counterparts.
B) They were often assigned to do more fatigue duty than their white counterparts.
C) Their performance on the battlefield was uniformly disparaged by their white officers.
D) Their initial pay was substantially less than their white counterparts.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Slaves contributed labor to the Confederacy's essential Tredegar Works in which city?


A) Charleston
B) Houston
C) Richmond
D) Atlanta

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A federal policy developed by General Rufus Saxton in late 1862 did all of the following EXCEPT


A) grant former slaves access to land on which to grow crops.
B) provide former slaves with tools to grow crops.
C) require former slaves to grow a certain amount of cotton for government use.
D) offer former slaves legal title to lands abandoned by Confederates.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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