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In a marketing decision, constraints are


A) the external factors affecting the number of people who can work on a solution to a problem.
B) the number of possible alternatives in a company's solution set.
C) the restrictions placed on potential solutions to a problem.
D) the internal factors affecting whether to select one alternative over another.
E) the internal factors that determine who in the organization selects the best problem to fit the hypothetical solution.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Data obtained by manipulating factors under tightly controlled conditions to test cause and effect is an example of


A) questionnaire data.
B) virtual modeling.
C) an experiment.
D) a panel.
E) nonprobability sampling.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements concerning personal observation is most accurate?


A) Personal observation is more accurate than forms of research because the observer/analyst is able to pick up on motivations for behavior often missed by other data collection methods.
B) Personal observation is especially suited for small businesses that need the research data but cannot afford more expensive data collection methods.
C) Personal observation is very effective since it can reveal not only what people do, but also effectively determine why they do it.
D) Personal observation is both useful and flexible, but has reliability issues if different observers watching the same event report different results.
E) With personal observation, different observers nearly always report the same conclusions when watching the same event, such as people brushing their teeth.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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  Figure 8-5 -Figure 8-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does B represent? A)  external data sources B)  results C)  data warehouse D)  internal data sources E)  buying queries Figure 8-5 -Figure 8-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does B represent?


A) external data sources
B) results
C) data warehouse
D) internal data sources
E) buying queries

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The approaches that can be used to collect data to solve all or part of a marketing research problem are referred to as


A) methods.
B) proposals.
C) strategies.
D) tactics.
E) analyses.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Likert and semantic differential are two forms of fixed-alternative questions that have three or more choices and use


A) a frequency distribution.
B) a scale.
C) a measure of success.
D) an open-ended question.
E) a constraint.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Marketing researchers use tracking studies immediately before an upcoming film's release to


A) identify any factual errors or inconsistencies in the story line.
B) nominate specific actors or actresses for industry awards.
C) forecast a movie's opening weekend box office revenues.
D) select the best geographical location for the movie's premiere.
E) make changes to the movie's release based upon professional critics' reviews.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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What are the five steps in the marketing research approach?

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The five-step marketing research approac...

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After a bankruptcy, SwissAir was able to regroup and wanted to resume flying if it could regain at least 75 percent of its lost customers. It allocated $50,000 to determine the likelihood that its former customers would fly with the airline again and find methods requiring little or no money that could be used to increase that probability. This represents which step in the marketing research approach?


A) Define the problem.
B) Develop the research plan.
C) Collect relevant information.
D) Develop findings.
E) Take marketing actions.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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A marketing research approach that uses a discussion leader to interview 6 to 10 past, present, or prospective customers simultaneously is


A) a depth interview.
B) data mining.
C) a research team.
D) a focused interview.
E) a focus group.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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What is the basic difference between primary and secondary data, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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Secondary data are facts and figures tha...

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  Figure 8-5 -Figure 8-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does E represent? A)  external data sources B)  results C)  data warehouse D)  internal data sources E)  buying queries Figure 8-5 -Figure 8-5 above shows how marketing researchers and managers use information technology to turn information into marketing actions. What does E represent?


A) external data sources
B) results
C) data warehouse
D) internal data sources
E) buying queries

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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If a researcher is concerned that data may be out of date or the parameters may not entirely suit the project, which type of data is this likely to be?


A) questionnaire data
B) mined data
C) secondary data
D) patented data
E) observational data

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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List the elements of an information technology system used to help answer marketing questions.

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An information technology system used to...

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The foundation of all research using questionnaires is developing ________ that get clear, unambiguous answers from respondents.


A) precise questions
B) effective research protocols
C) online surveys
D) observational interventions
E) synergistic techniques

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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  Figure 8-4  -Consider Figure 8-4  above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Which of the following statements most likely explains why Question 9 was included in the questionnaire? A)  Wendy's wanted to know if children eat at its restaurants. B)  Wendy's wanted to know why people have children under age 18 living at home. C)  Wendy's can use these personal and household demographic characteristics to segment the fast-food market. D)  Wendy's wants to know how much people earn so it knows whether it should take credit cards for purchases. E)  Wendy's wanted to send these respondents coupons for the products that would appeal to them most. Figure 8-4 -Consider Figure 8-4 above, which was part of a Wendy's survey that assessed fast-food restaurant preferences among present and prospective consumers. Which of the following statements most likely explains why Question 9 was included in the questionnaire?


A) Wendy's wanted to know if children eat at its restaurants.
B) Wendy's wanted to know why people have children under age 18 living at home.
C) Wendy's can use these personal and household demographic characteristics to segment the fast-food market.
D) Wendy's wants to know how much people earn so it knows whether it should take credit cards for purchases.
E) Wendy's wanted to send these respondents coupons for the products that would appeal to them most.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Data are the


A) subjective psychographic feelings collected by an organization upon which it bases subsequent marketing actions.
B) objective demographic characteristics collected by an organization upon which it bases subsequent marketing actions.
C) facts and figures related to the problem that are divided into two main parts: secondary data and primary data.
D) information collected by a source other than the company itself used to determine the best possible solution to a marketing problem.
E) facts and figures related to the problem that are only available for purchase from the federal government.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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________ question requires respondents to select one or more response options from a set of predetermined choices.


A) A depth interview
B) An open-ended
C) A fixed-alternative
D) An attitudinal
E) A semantic differential

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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The last step of the marketing research approach is to


A) develop findings.
B) define the problem.
C) collect relevant information.
D) develop the research plan.
E) take marketing actions.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When conducting marketing experiments, the independent variable often involves marketing mix elements such as product features or coupons, while dependent variables often include


A) elements of the environmental forces that cannot be controlled.
B) changes in channels of distribution or pricing.
C) elements of the marketing mix that cannot be manipulated.
D) the primary experimental hypothesis.
E) changes in purchases such as dollar or unit sales of individuals or organizations.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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