Question 1

Three-quarters of the substantial amount of energy consumed by the brain is used to run a single molecular machine that maintains the resting potential of neurons.What is this machine called?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ leak channel
B)  sodium-potassium pump
C)  acetylcholine receptor
D)  voltage-gated sodium channelE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What do the two sets of neurons damaged in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy comprise?

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral nervous system
B)  autonomic nervous system
C)  somatic nervous system
D)  parasympathetic nervous systemE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What limits the frequency of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride ions
B)  spike amplitude
C)  nodes of Ranvier
D)  refractory periodE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

A)  pons
B)  medulla oblongata
C)  ascending tracts
D)  cerebellumE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

You are studying a gene which, when mutant, causes oligodendrocytes to enwrap shorter sections of axon, so that nodes of Ranvier are more closely spaced.What is the likely effect on nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will travel faster.
B)  They will travel slower.
C)  They will increase in amplitude.
D)  They will decrease in amplitude.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

You dissect the brain of a mutant mouse and find that parts of the "white matter" look gray.What is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  defects in myelination
B)  peripheral nerve damage
C)  oversized dendrites
D)  excess myelinationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 7

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's and Wernicke's areas-language and speech
B)  Hypothalamus-regulates body temperature, appetite, and sleep
C)  Cerebellum-relay station for ascending and descending tracts
D)  Corpus callosum-connects the two brain hemispheresE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus
B)  forebrain
C)  midbrain
D)  hindbrainE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predict the function of a specific type of neuron.
B)  Calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion.
C)  Use a computer program to model axonal transmission.
D)  Calculate the magnitude of depolarization during an action potential.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B) B

Question 10

What is the likely impact of this toxin on action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will occur more frequently.
B)  They will be stronger and more unpredictable.
C)  Without ion gradients, action potentials are not possible.
D)  They will have longer refractory periods.E) None of the above
F) All of the above C

Question 11

What branched structure allows a neuron to take in information from more than one source?

Accepted Answer

A)  node of Ranvier
B)  axon
C)  myelin
D)  dendriteE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

In vertebrates, the ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral
B)  central
C)  somatic
D)  autonomicE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Subsequent to motor neuron degeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, muscles begin to weaken and degenerate as well.What is the likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscles will atrophy if they don't receive regular stimulation from motor neurons.
B)  Muscles require healthy Schwann cells for myelination as well.
C)  Muscles contain large numbers of mitochondria.
D)  Toxins leak out from the dying motor neurons onto the muscles.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Mutation of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22)  gene, which causes demyelination of peripheral neurons, is a more common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.In which cells is the PMP22 gene important for normal function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells
B)  preganglionic neurons
C)  postganglionic neurons
D)  oligodendrocytesE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are the major components of the ______ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic
B)  reflex
C)  parasympathetic
D)  limbicE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Which figure correctly illustrates the mechanism of action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine
B)  GABA
C)  ephinephrine
D)  dopamineE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which division of the nervous system regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic nervous system
B)  autonomic nervous system
C)  sympathetic nervous system
D)  parasympathetic nervous systemE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

What is the likely impact of this toxin on the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resting potential will require more energy to maintain.
B)  The resting potential will be more negative.
C)  It will destroy the ion gradients necessary for the resting potential.
D)  The resting potential will promote action potentials with a larger depolarization.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Which diagram correctly illustrates the distribution of ions in a resting neuron? (Note: A larger symbol indicates a higher concentration of that ion.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Exam 43: The Nervous System

Three-quarters of the substantial amount of energy consumed by the brain is used to run a single molecular machine that maintains the resting potential of neurons.What is this machine called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do the two sets of neurons damaged in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy comprise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What limits the frequency of action potentials?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of the hindbrain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are studying a gene which, when mutant, causes oligodendrocytes to enwrap shorter sections of axon, so that nodes of Ranvier are more closely spaced.What is the likely effect on nerve impulses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You dissect the brain of a mutant mouse and find that parts of the "white matter" look gray.What is a likely cause?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which region of the CNS listed below is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where did information processing become increasingly centered in terrestrial vertebrates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the Nernst equation allow us to do?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is the likely impact of this toxin on action potentials?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What branched structure allows a neuron to take in information from more than one source?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In vertebrates, the ______ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subsequent to motor neuron degeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, muscles begin to weaken and degenerate as well.What is the likely cause?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutation of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, which causes demyelination of peripheral neurons, is a more common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.In which cells is the PMP22 gene important for normal function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus are the major components of the ______ system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which figure correctly illustrates the mechanism of action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which neurotransmitter is released from a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which division of the nervous system regulates the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely impact of this toxin on the resting potential of a neuron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which diagram correctly illustrates the distribution of ions in a resting neuron? (Note: A larger symbol indicates a higher concentration of that ion.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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