Question 1

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased urine volume
B)  decreased urine molarity
C)  increased urine volume
D)  increased urine salinity
E)  increased urine acidityF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mm Hg out
B)  20 mm Hg out
C)  30 mm Hg out
D)  40 mm Hg out
E)  50 mm Hg outF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus.
B)  medulla.
C)  cortical radiate veins.
D)  peritubular capillaries.
E)  vasa recta.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  the urinary system
B)  the cardiovascular system
C)  the integumentary system
D)  the digestive system
E)  the respiratory systemF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when

Accepted Answer

A)  the body's water volume is high.
B)  the body's pH is low.
C)  the output of antidiuretic hormone is high.
D)  the output of natriuretic peptides is high.
E)  a person is lost and deprived of drinking water.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 7

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of all the solute.
B)  a renal clearance of zero.
C)  a net filtration pressure of 1.0.
D)  appearance of that solute in the urine.
E)  absence of that solute from the urine.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus
are known as mesangial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin and glucose
B)  inulin and creatinine
C)  sodium and water
D)  albumin and inulin
E)  insulin and ureaF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B)  a drop in oncotic pressure
C)  vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
D)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E)  an increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsuleF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 13

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  40%
B)  56%
C)  64%
D)  72%
E)  80%F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Which is not a portion of the urethra?

Accepted Answer

A)  external urethral orifice
B)  internal urethral sphincter
C)  prostatic urethra
D)  membranous urethra
E)  spongy urethraF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B)  interlobar a.→ interlobular a.→ segmental a.→ arcuate a.
C)  segmental a.→ interlobar a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobular a.
D)  afferent arteriole → interlobular a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a.
E)  segmental a.→ arcuate a.→ interlobar a.→ interlobular a.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 16

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma.
B)  glomerular filtrate.
C)  tubular fluid.
D)  renal filtrate.
E)  medullary filtrate.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 17

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the
filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures and is based on fluid flowing in direction in two adjacent tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium; the same
B)  calcium; the opposite
C)  calcium; the same
D)  sodium; the opposite
E)  sodium; the sameF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of

Accepted Answer

A)  the thin segment of the nephron loop.
B)  the thick segment of the nephron loop.
C)  the collecting duct.
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  the distal convoluted tubule.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  adventitia
B)  two layers of smooth muscle
C)  three layers of smooth muscle
D)  transitional epithelium
E)  skeletal muscleF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 23: The Urinary System

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures and is based on fluid flowing in direction in two adjacent tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Total saturation of protein transporters for a given solute in the renal tubules would result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organ system does not excrete waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not a portion of the urethra?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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