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Why doesn't nucleophilic acyl substitution stop at the tetrahedral intermediate?


A) The nucleophile is too basic.
B) Reforming the carbonyl is energetically favorable.
C) The leaving group is unstable and wants to be negatively charged.
D) There is no tetrahedral intermediate.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Will the following reaction occur? Will the following reaction occur?   A) Yes B) No


A) Yes
B) No

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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What reagent would you use for the following transformation? What reagent would you use for the following transformation?   A) LiAlH<sub>4</sub> B) DIBAL-H C) NaBH<sub>4</sub> D) H<sub>2</sub>, Pd/C


A) LiAlH4
B) DIBAL-H
C) NaBH4
D) H2, Pd/C

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Where do the carbonyl signals appear in the 13C NMR spectrum of carboxylic acid derivatives?


A) 1700 cm-1
B) 180-160 ppm
C) 2.5-3.0 ppm
D) 100-80 ppm

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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How can you convert a carboxylic acid into an acid chloride?


A) Heat with hydrochloric acid.
B) React with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) .
C) React with sodium chloride.
D) React with Cl2 and FeCl3.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What is the direct product of the base-promoted hydrolysis of an ester?


A) A nitrile
B) A carboxylic acid
C) An amide
D) A carboxylic acid salt
Gradable: automatic

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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