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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

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Question 41

True/False

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Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism has learned a response to a specific stimulus and does NOT respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.

A) True
B) False

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Question 42

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According to Skinner, if an event following a response leads to a decrease in an organism's tendency to make that response, reinforcement has occurred.

A) True
B) False

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Question 43

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Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Simon cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office.In this example, cringing in the waiting room is

____________________ reinforcers include things such as food, water, warmth, and sex, which are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.

Tessa really likes to mow the lawn during the summer months, but her parents will only let her mow the lawn if all the dishes are washed.Consequently, every Saturday Tessa has the table cleared and all of the dishes washed as soon as everyone has finished breakfast.In this case,

Researchers have found that animals show evidence of classical conditioning if they are injected with a drug that chemically causes immunosuppression, while they are simultaneously drinking an unusual-tasting liquid.In these studies, the conditioned response would be

The type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others who are called models is

The initial stage of learning a response is called

When Diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbour's budgie bird kept flying near her head.Today she is afraid of all birds, including sparrows, pigeons, and hadedas.Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

When Linda was nine years old, the neighbour's pet German Shepherd dog bit her on the ankle.Today Linda is still terrified of German Shepherds, but she likes almost all other types of dogs.Linda's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Patrick takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain and Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Patrick's behaviour is reinforced by ____ reinforcement and Kelly's behaviour by ____ reinforcement.

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, it is called

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behaviour.From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behaviour?

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard, rather than charging an hourly rate for his services.In this example, Maxwell is working on

In the 1930s learning that is influenced by stimuli that follow the response was christened "operant conditioning" by

In Pavlov's principle experiment the conditioned stimulus was the

Nancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away.Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again.This is an example of