Question 1

Molecular homologies are shown in

Accepted Answer

A)   all organisms using DNA to store information.
B)   access to cellular information via RNA.
C)   proteins being the functional products of most genes.
D)   similarities in biochemical pathways.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

In humans, structures that show developmental homology include

Accepted Answer

A)   eyes and nose.
B)   temporary gill slits and bony tail.
C)   legs and arms.
D)   lungs and stomach.
E)   both eyes and nose and lungs and stomach.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

When humans are developing, in utero, they have characteristics that are not found in the fully developed infant. Gill slits are one example of these characteristics. Which type of homology does this typify?

Accepted Answer

A)   Developmental.
B)   Structural.
C)   Vestigal.
D)   Molecular.
E)   Both developmental and vestigal.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above A

Question 4

According to Thomas Malthus, food supplies tend to increase arithmetically while populations tend to increase exponentially, which means that populations will outgrow their food supply.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The gene (IGF1)  that encodes a growth hormone has one allele (IGF1-A)  that is found in small dogs but not in dogs that are very large. What does this suggest about body size of small dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Body size depends on how much growth hormone is produced during early fetal development.
B)   Body size depends on whether or not the IGF1-A allele is present, if it is the dog grows very large, . if it is not present the dog retains a small size.
C)   It suggests that small dogs are small because the IGF1-A allele is expressed, perhaps inhibiting the . growth of the dog and the release of growth hormone.
D)   It suggests that small dogs have more growth hormone released during fetal development but none . released after the birthing process.
E)   Body size depends on nutrition, not on genetics.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 6

The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   vestigial transfer.
B)   homology.
C)   horizontal gene transfer.
D)   vertical evolution.
E)   exon shuffling through endocytosis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Transfer of a functional domain from one gene to another, creating a novel protein, can occur by ________; this could provide an evolutionary advantage because

Accepted Answer

A)   intron realignment; it shifts protein structure.
B)   intron shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population.
C)   exon shuffling; it increases genetic variation in a population.
D)   proteomics; it shifts protein structure.
E)   both intron shuffling and proteomics; it shifts protein structure and increases genetic variation.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called

Accepted Answer

A)   concentric evolution.
B)   convergent evolution.
C)   biogeographic evolution.
D)   Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
E)   both biogeographic and convergent evolution.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Esherichia coli and Clostridium acetylbutylicum are reported to be derived from a common ancestor. They both have similar but not identical gene sequences. Which of the following could best explain this difference in genetic coding?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have a common ancestor, their DNA has been inherited from the common ancestor, therefore it will be similar.
B)   The two species never diverged but they were discovered by two different scientists and thereforeGiven different names.
C)   These orthologs show identical gene segments, but the entire sequence has differences, therefore they are related through ancestoral genes.
D)   Gene duplication created paralogs.
E)   After the two species diverged, the genes accumulated random mutations that resulted in similar but not identical gene sequences.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Exchange of genetic material among different species is called

Accepted Answer

A)   homolgous gene exchange.
B)   horizontal gene transfer.
C)   exon shuffling.
D)   genetic recombination.
E)   exon shuffling and or genetic recombination.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Gene families are created when

Accepted Answer

A)   genes duplicate.
B)   exons converge.
C)   viral infections occur.
D)   introns are not removed from the mRNA after transcription.
E)   both exon convergence and intron splicing.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Molecular homologies indicate that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 13

The underlying phenomenon that makes selective breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in natural populations because of.

Accepted Answer

A)   artificial selection.
B)   gene inversion.
C)   differences in alleles for a specific trait.
D)   similarity in alleles for a specific trait.
E)   both artificial selection and gene inversion.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called

Accepted Answer

A)   extinct.
B)   endemic.
C)   extinct due to the action of humans.
D)   exotic.
E)   transitional.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are

Accepted Answer

A)   analogs.
B)   topologs.
C)   paralogs.
D)   orthologs.
E)   pentalogs.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E) C

Question 16

The result of natural selection is

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   catastrophism.
C)   adaptation.
D)   synthesis.
E)   behavioral change.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

How did Thomas Malthus's ideas, about human population, affect Darwin's ideas on natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Darwin decided that if human population increased with each successive generation, all animals and . plants must reproduce using the same principles.
B)   Darwin abandoned his idea of natural selection because Malthus' work proved that populations . would continually double in number with each generation.
C)   Thomas Malthus believed that human populations declined when temperature drops, therefore . Darwin concluded that all plant species will not reproduce in cold temperatures.
D)   Mallthus believed that only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce, Darwin . contradicted Malthus's theories and said that all species will continue to survive and reproduce indefinitely.
E)   Malthus theorized that only a fraction of any human population will survive and reproduce. Darwin's . observations during his voyage on the Beagle, supported Malthus' theory.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

In comparing the chromosomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans which type of genomic evolution has occured with chromosome 3 in the orangutan compared to the other species?

Accepted Answer

A)   inversion.
B)   duplication.
C)   splitting.
D)   both inversion and duplication.
E)   splitting of the gene and duplication of the entire chromosome.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 19

The Modern Synthesis of evolution is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   observations of the formation of new species.
B)   Darwin's ideas and modern concepts of genetics.
C)   experimental studies of populations performed by Darwin.
D)   recent concepts of adaptation and reproduction.
E)   recent developments of DNA replication and PCR machines.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following pairs are NOT homologous?

Accepted Answer

A)   the wing of a bat and the front flipper of a whale
B)   the wing of a bat and the wing of a chicken
C)   the foreleg of a turtle and the front flipper of a whale
D)   the wing of an insect and the wing of chicken
E)   both the wing of an insect and chicken and the wing of a bat and chickenF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 23: An Introduction to Evolution

Molecular homologies are shown in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, structures that show developmental homology include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When humans are developing, in utero, they have characteristics that are not found in the fully developed infant. Gill slits are one example of these characteristics. Which type of homology does this typify?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to Thomas Malthus, food supplies tend to increase arithmetically while populations tend to increase exponentially, which means that populations will outgrow their food supply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gene (IGF1) that encodes a growth hormone has one allele (IGF1-A) that is found in small dogs but not in dogs that are very large. What does this suggest about body size of small dogs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transfer of a functional domain from one gene to another, creating a novel protein, can occur by ________; this could provide an evolutionary advantage because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Esherichia coli and Clostridium acetylbutylicum are reported to be derived from a common ancestor. They both have similar but not identical gene sequences. Which of the following could best explain this difference in genetic coding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exchange of genetic material among different species is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gene families are created when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecular homologies indicate that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

The underlying phenomenon that makes selective breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in natural populations because of.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The result of natural selection is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Thomas Malthus's ideas, about human population, affect Darwin's ideas on natural selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparing the chromosomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans which type of genomic evolution has occured with chromosome 3 in the orangutan compared to the other species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Modern Synthesis of evolution is based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs are NOT homologous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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