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Exam 17: Complex Patterns of Inheritance

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Question 1

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Albinism in most animals is an epistatic trait characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. If the allele for albinism is a, the allele for brown coat color is B, and the allele for red coat color is b, which of the following genotypes would result in an albino cow?

A) AaBb
B) aaBB
C) aabb
D) Aabb
E) aaBB and aabb

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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You are breeding different varieties of roses in your garden. When you cross a true-breeding yellow "Texas Beauty" rose with a true-breeding "Ruby" red rose, you get all red roses. But when you cross a "Texas Beauty" yellow with the yellow variety "Jealousy," you get a 9:7 ratio of red to yellow flowers! What can you conclude from these results?

A) The environment, and not genes, influences pigment in these rose varieties.
B) There are epistatic interactions between at least two genes for rose pigment.
C) The red allele is dominant to the yellow allele.
D) There is a mutation in the gene for yellow pigment in the "Jealosy" variety.
E) There is no recessive allele for the red pigment gene.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Question 3

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Mendel's laws do not adequately explain all the patterns of inheritance.

Bicoid is a maternal effect gene that is essential for the development of head structures in Drosophila. The F₁ generation from a cross of two phenotypically normal flies produces normal embryos, but in the F₂ cross, 25% of the embryos lack heads and die. What was the genotype of the mother in the P generation?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a quantitative trait?

Quantitative traits

You discover a gene that results in a complete lack of hair in rats, and you name the gene "chromedome." A cross of homozygous normal and homozygous bald rats results in all bald rats. You conclude that the baldness allele is dominant, but when you repeat the cross with different rats none of the offspring are bald. Extremely puzzled you study your records and discover that in the first cross the bald rat was female, while in the second cross the bald rat was male. What do you conclude from this information?

Epistasis often involves genes of an enzymatic pathway.

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

A trait that is expressed as a continuum rather than as a few discrete phenotypes is

If a testcross for two different traits produces more nonrecombinant than recombinant offspring, then the alleles for the two traits

If the recombination frequency between gene A and B is 10 out of 100 offspring, gene A and C is 30 out of 100 offspring, and gene B and C is 40 out of 100 offspring, what is the location of these genes in relation to each other on a chromosome?

The DNA methylation state of a zygote will be maintained throughout the life of the organism and then passed on unchanged to its offspring.

DNA methylation of a gene during spermatogenesis would result in

Which of the following is NOT a type of epigenetic inheritance?

Genomic imprinting can result in offspring with identical genotypes that have different phenotypes.

Height (tallness) in humans is a polygenic trait. Assume the following: There are 4 genes that determine height (Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd) . Each dominant allele adds 2 inches of height to an individual. The height of the recessive individual (aa, bb, cc, dd) is 5 feet. What is the height of a person with the genotype (AA, Bb, cc, DD) ?

Epistatic gene interactions do not follow Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Black-cheeked BC zebra finches are extremely desirable, but relatively rare. This phenotype is caused by a recessive mutation, but the mating of two BC birds is considered unethical because it results in very small birds. Therefore, BC birds are created by crossing carriers of the BC gene. Despite problems with the homozygous recessive, some unscrupulous breeders continue to breed them together because of the high prices they fetch. Which of the following statements could explain why BC homozygous birds are unusually small?

A horticulturist is breeding a new variety of houseplant in which two genes control leaf color. G (allele for green) is dominant to g (yellow) and B (second allele for green) is dominant to b (yellow) . The recessive homozygous condition of either gene will mask a dominant allele. What color is a plant with the genotype GgAa?