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Which decision-making model is the most realistic in portraying the managerial decision process?


A) rational
B) garbage can
C) bounded rationality
D) incremental

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following would NOT be considered a symptom of groupthink?


A) illusion of invulnerability
B) rationalization
C) illusion of unanimity
D) high conflict

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What are advantages and disadvantages of group decision making?

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In a group decision-making situation, mo...

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General Motors encountered significant difficulties implementing quality circles in its German plants because workers expected to be directed by supervisors. Which of the following initiatives would best address GM's problem and improve participative problem solving and decision making?


A) Provide training in participative decision making
B) Establish supervisory/worker boards
C) Develop hiring processes that select team oriented individuals
D) None of these

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Match the following: -Engineer


A) A person's preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives.
B) A cognitive style where the individual evaluates options objectively and impersonally.
C) Usually a positive influence on decision making that operates below the level of consciousness.
D) An occupation where we find sensors/thinkers.
E) This cognitive style can handle interpersonal problems well and tends to take calculated risks.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Responsive creativity is:


A) discovering problems because you want to be creative
B) discovering problems because you are expected to by the organization
C) responding to problems presented to you because you want to be creative
D) responding to a problem that is presented to you by others because it is part of your job

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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You own and operate a small pizza shop.The shop has been profitable but it needs renovation.You start the renovation only to discover that a pizza chain has bought a vacant building two blocks away and plans to open a shop within 120 days.Undoubtedly, competition will intensify.You decide to accelerate renovation work.You are trying to:


A) escalate the risk
B) avoid risk
C) greatly minimize risk
D) better manage risk by trying to improve your shop significantly before the other one opens

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The fourth step in the Z model of problem solving is:


A) data collection
B) problem diagnosis
C) impact analysis
D) objective analysis of alternatives

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Research indicates that women are:


A) less averse to risk than men
B) more averse to risk than men
C) the same as men with respect to risk aversion
D) less inclined to commit resources to a losing course of action than men

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The Blue Man Group frequently is confronted with a number of difficult decisions.Many of these decisions would be classified as programmable and unprogrammable.However, the feature states they have consistently made effective decisions as reflected by their continuous success.Which of the following is the best explanation for the Blue Man Group's good decision making?


A) a good fit between the type of decision and choice of decision-making model
B) the consistent use of the bounded rationality model of decision making
C) they understand the skill set of the founders and let each founder make decisions in areas where they have expertise
D) they keep true to a vision and make sound business decisions in line with that vision

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Intuition would be a major part of the input for a manager making what kind of decision?


A) programmed
B) rational
C) breakeven point
D) nonprogrammed

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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A good group decision approach when an objective is to maximize the number of alternatives is:


A) brainstorming
B) dialectical inquiry
C) the Delphi technique
D) nominal grouping

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Heuristics are shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.

A) True
B) False

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Research has shown that anger, but not fear, increases escalation of commitment.

A) True
B) False

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Match the following: -Problem Structure


A) A process that produces novel, unique, and useful ideas.
B) When employees share goals to be attained in solving a problem.
C) Amount, type, and level of information.
D) The manager makes the decision without employees' input.
E) An approach to problem solving that managers should use.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Match the following: -Satisficing


A) A relatively simple problem that can be solved with a standard rule.
B) Logical, systematic problem solving.
C) A solution that is timely and acceptable.
D) An unstructured, unique problem situation that requires a creative solution.
E) The practice of selecting an acceptable, but probably not the best solution.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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An approach to minimize groupthink is to:


A) manipulate group members in order to increase peer pressure
B) encourage rationalization
C) denigrate the opposition
D) re-examine the preferred solution even if consensus has been reached

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the escalation of commitment?


A) cognitive dissonance theory
B) optimism
C) illusion of control
D) high or low self-monitoring

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Managers should acknowledge that some individuals do not respond well to participative decision making.

A) True
B) False

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Group decision making may be slow, but it usually produces good decisions.

A) True
B) False

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