Question 1

Peers are an important source of ______ influence on academic achievement of grade-school children and adolescents.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive
B)  both positive and negative
C)  negative
D)  mutually reciprocalE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Nelson and Aboud asserted that the type of peer influence that contributes strongly to role-taking skills is

Accepted Answer

A)  disagreements and conflicts among friends.
B)  unsupervised settings in which children are on an "honor system."
C)  situations in which a child must give facts to an adult.
D)  cooperative play in which children help each other.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Suppose that you are a third-grade teacher with a class of eight- and nine-year-olds. One of the goals set by your school district is to improve children's role-taking skills. Explain why such a goal might have been made a part of the "directive" to teachers. Then, describe two ways you might go about fostering improvement in role-taking.

Accepted Answer

The school district set improved role-ta...

Question 4

Leo, age four, builds projects with Lego blocks. He now compares his Lego projects with elaborate models that are pictured in Lego handbooks. Leo is now in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  approval-seeking
B)  use of standards
C)  self-reflective role-taking
D)  joy in masteryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Interpersonal relationships (e.g., popularity with friends)  contribute most heavily to self-esteem during

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence.
B)  middle childhood.
C)  early childhood.
D)  toddlerhood.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

In Weiner's attribution theory, we value highly our positive achievements when we attribute them to

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative Action racial-preference programs.
B)  internal causes.
C)  external causes.
D)  unstable temporary causes.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Racial prejudice typically shows a DECLINE at the age of about

Accepted Answer

A)  five years.
B)  eight years.
C)  11 years.
D)  never; prejudice tends to rise steadily with age.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In their research on self-conceptions during middle childhood, Susan Harter and Ann Monsour found that young adolescents

Accepted Answer

A)  become increasingly aware of the inconsistencies in their self-perceptions in relation to parents, friends, romantic partners, and teachers.
B)  value their relational self-concept.
C)  argue too much with their parents.
D)  are unaware of the inconsistencies in their behavior across contexts.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Grading on the child's effort (rather than on quality of achievement)  in early schooling encourages children to think in terms of the

Accepted Answer

A)  incremental view of ability.
B)  entity view of ability.
C)  learned-helplessness orientation.
D)  false-belief problem.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Situational inconsistencies in qualities of one's self become noticeable during the ____ age level.

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescent
B)  grade school/middle childhood
C)  preschool/early childhood
D)  toddlerhoodE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Rebecca Eder evaluated the extent to which preschool aged children characterized themselves using psychological dimensions. Her work revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  children's self-descriptions are limited to physical attributes, possessions, and actions.
B)  children do not develop self-descriptions until the grade-school years.
C)  preschoolers are able to characterize themselves along multiple psychological dimensions when they are required to choose a self-descriptive statement from a set of choices.
D)  all self-descriptive statements of preschoolers are psychological in nature.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Parents who apply the ____ parenting style have children with high self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturant/democratic
B)  permissive/democratic
C)  neglectful/uninvolved
D)  strict/authoritarianE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

For achievement, MASTERY ORIENTED is to LEARNED HELPLESSNESS as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  PREVENTION :: CURE
B)  INCREMENTAL ABILITY :: ENTITY ABILITY
C)  PESSIMISM :: OPTIMISM
D)  MORATORIUM :: FORECLOSUREE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change during middle childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children's resp...

Question 15

Sadie is terrible at sports, but sports aren't very important to her. Mariah is excellent at music, and music is quite important to her. Zach is very good at building with Lego, but he does not think this is a very important skill. Who will have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mariah
B)  Sadie
C)  Zach
D)  Mariah, Sadie, and Zach will all have similar levels of self-esteem.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

If the self develops through social interactions, then it may reasonably be inferred that the newborn child

Accepted Answer

A)  has an entity view of ability.
B)  cannot yet respond to proprioceptive feedback.
C)  has a self that is a phenotypic expression of genotype.
D)  has not yet developed a self.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Which quality is especially valued in individualistic cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition with others
B)  Being identified with an organization
C)  Blending in with your group
D)  Modesty/self-effacementE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation.

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation refers to an indi...

Question 19

Identify and discuss three home influences that can have a strong impact on a child's mastery/achievement motivation and also on his or her actual achievement behavior.

Accepted Answer

There are several home influences that c...

Question 20

Robert White asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to

Accepted Answer

A)  dominate socially over others.
B)  apply deception or trickery to control those who hold authority.
C)  modify their own interests to get others' approval.
D)  master the environment and its challenges.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 11: Development of the Self-Concept

Nelson and Aboud asserted that the type of peer influence that contributes strongly to role-taking skills is

Correct Answer
verified

Grading on the child's effort (rather than on quality of achievement) in early schooling encourages children to think in terms of the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The school district set improved role-ta...
View Answer

For achievement, MASTERY ORIENTED is to LEARNED HELPLESSNESS as is to .

Correct Answer
verified

If the self develops through social interactions, then it may reasonably be inferred that the newborn child

Correct Answer
verified

Peers are an important source of ______ influence on academic achievement of grade-school children and adolescents.

Correct Answer
verified

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change during middle childhood and adolescence.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
During middle childhood, children's resp...
View Answer

Situational inconsistencies in qualities of one's self become noticeable during the ____ age level.

Correct Answer
verified

Rebecca Eder evaluated the extent to which preschool aged children characterized themselves using psychological dimensions. Her work revealed that

Correct Answer
verified

In their research on self-conceptions during middle childhood, Susan Harter and Ann Monsour found that young adolescents

Correct Answer
verified

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Achievement motivation refers to an indi...
View Answer

Parents who apply the ____ parenting style have children with high self-esteem.

Correct Answer
verified

Leo, age four, builds projects with Lego blocks. He now compares his Lego projects with elaborate models that are pictured in Lego handbooks. Leo is now in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Correct Answer
verified

Identify and discuss three home influences that can have a strong impact on a child's mastery/achievement motivation and also on his or her actual achievement behavior.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
There are several home influences that c...
View Answer

Which quality is especially valued in individualistic cultures?

Correct Answer
verified

Racial prejudice typically shows a DECLINE at the age of about

Correct Answer
verified

Robert White asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to

Correct Answer
verified

In Weiner's attribution theory, we value highly our positive achievements when we attribute them to

Correct Answer
verified

Sadie is terrible at sports, but sports aren't very important to her. Mariah is excellent at music, and music is quite important to her. Zach is very good at building with Lego, but he does not think this is a very important skill. Who will have the highest self-esteem?

Correct Answer
verified

Interpersonal relationships (e.g., popularity with friends) contribute most heavily to self-esteem during

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Development of the Self-Concept

Nelson and Aboud asserted that the type of peer influence that contributes strongly to role-taking skills is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Grading on the child's effort (rather than on quality of achievement) in early schooling encourages children to think in terms of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe school district set improved role-ta...View AnswerShow Answer

For achievement, MASTERY ORIENTED is to LEARNED HELPLESSNESS as ____ is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the self develops through social interactions, then it may reasonably be inferred that the newborn child

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peers are an important source of ______ influence on academic achievement of grade-school children and adolescents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change during middle childhood and adolescence.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIDuring middle childhood, children's resp...View AnswerShow Answer

Situational inconsistencies in qualities of one's self become noticeable during the ____ age level.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rebecca Eder evaluated the extent to which preschool aged children characterized themselves using psychological dimensions. Her work revealed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In their research on self-conceptions during middle childhood, Susan Harter and Ann Monsour found that young adolescents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAchievement motivation refers to an indi...View AnswerShow Answer

Parents who apply the ____ parenting style have children with high self-esteem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Leo, age four, builds projects with Lego blocks. He now compares his Lego projects with elaborate models that are pictured in Lego handbooks. Leo is now in the ____ phase of mastery motivation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and discuss three home influences that can have a strong impact on a child's mastery/achievement motivation and also on his or her actual achievement behavior.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThere are several home influences that c...View AnswerShow Answer

Which quality is especially valued in individualistic cultures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Racial prejudice typically shows a DECLINE at the age of about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robert White asserted that people of all ages are motivated intrinsically to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Weiner's attribution theory, we value highly our positive achievements when we attribute them to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sadie is terrible at sports, but sports aren't very important to her. Mariah is excellent at music, and music is quite important to her. Zach is very good at building with Lego, but he does not think this is a very important skill. Who will have the highest self-esteem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interpersonal relationships (e.g., popularity with friends) contribute most heavily to self-esteem during

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The school district set improved role-ta...
View Answer

For achievement, MASTERY ORIENTED is to LEARNED HELPLESSNESS as is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
During middle childhood, children's resp...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Achievement motivation refers to an indi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
There are several home influences that c...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified