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Exam 8: Human Development

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Question 1

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Initiative is to guilt as industry is to _____

A) inferiority.
B) identity.
C) stagnation.
D) ego integrity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Question 2

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Which of Erikson's stages goes hand-in-hand with children aged 6 to about puberty?

A) ego integrity vs. despair
B) autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) basic trust vs. mistrust

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 3

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Trav and his mother were in a playroom at school. Trav was playing in and exploring the playroom as they waited to meet his new preschool teacher. As the teacher entered the room, she kindly introduced herself to Trav and his mother. Then Trav's mother was asked to step away from the room to sign some enrollment forms. When the mother returned to the playroom, Trav ran up to her to be picked up and gave her a hug. He then politely asked to get down so he could further explore the neat toys in the room. The preschool teacher was impressed with his behavior and told his mother she looks forward to having Trav as a student. Which attachment type does Trav likely have with his mother?

Sixteen-year-old Andre was helping his parents clean the windows. Unfortunately, one of the panes of glass nearby fell out of the window opening and left a cut on Andre's nose as he caught it. Andre is upset because now he is convinced his classmates will notice it and poke fun of him at school. Which of the following concepts best underlies Andre's thinking?

Which example best describes the zone of proximal development?

_____ intelligence tends to increase over the lifespan, whereas _____ intelligence tends to decrease as time goes on.

Which of the following can be concluded from Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys?

The period of the fetus begins at _____ and ends with _____, which takes about _____.

_____ is defined as the ability to base logical reasoning on a hypothetical premise.

Eight-year-old James is told to look at two equal amounts of juice in two identical glasses. Then, right in front of him, one of the glasses of juice is poured into a tall, skinny glass. James is convinced that the juice in the tall, skinny glass is more than the juice in the original glass. According to Piaget, James does not yet understand the concept of _____.

When 70-year-old Lesley looks at the life she has lived thus far, she thinks to herself, "Well, I have really given it my all. I have worked hard in my career and feel as if I did the best I could at raising my family. I feel good about the choices I have made." In which stage of psychosocial development is Lesley?

Why does Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development cross the entire lifespan?

Daliah was at a diner with her 3-year-old son. When he was done with his lunch, he wanted to take his tray to the trash can. Because Daliah wasn't sure he would be able to complete that task without dropping everything, she helped him hold one side of his tray. According to Lev Vygotsky, in which of the following concepts did Daliah just engage?

Contrast the stereotypes of older adulthood with the facts. Discuss brain changes, cognition, physical and social-emotional functioning. Include ways to age successfully.

Are Kübler-Ross's stages of death and dying universal? Why or why not?

Four-year-old Stacia proudly exclaimed, "Dad, I writed my name all by myself!" Stacia just demonstrated the _____ error, which tends to be common among children learning language.

Why can't infants be taught to walk or crawl or speak much before the typical age at which these s are attained?

Which stage of moral development exemplifies Kohlberg's statement that "good behavior is that which pleases or helps others and is approved by them"?

Which of the following pairings is correct?

William was simply devastated by the loss of his brother to colon cancer. The time between the diagnosis and his death was only three months. Shortly thereafter, William started to show signs of sadness and withdrawal that worried other family members. He just couldn't seem to shake his despair. Which of the following stages of death and dying might William be experiencing?