Question 1

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   if it runs out of one, it has others.
B)   it can release different transmitters on different occasions.
C)   it can send more complex messages.
D)   it can release one from the axon's terminal and one from another location along the axon.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

At synapses, the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Simultaneous weak stimuli at different locations produce a greater reflexive response than one of the stimuli by itself. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sherrington's law
B)   temporal summation
C)   spatial summation
D)   the all-or-none lawE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What does it mean to say that acetylcholine exerts ionotropic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)   It opens gates for a particular ion.
B)   It alters the permeability of the presynaptic neuron.
C)   It increases the concentration of ions within the vesicles.
D)   It changes the electrical charge of sodium ions from positive to negative.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in:

Accepted Answer

A)   axons
B)   vesicles
C)   peptides
D)   dendritesE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?

Accepted Answer

A)   the electron microscope
B)   single-neuron recordings
C)   behavioral observations
D)   PET scansE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

At the synapse, amphetamine:

Accepted Answer

A)   blocks the breakdown of dopamine.
B)   decreases the release of dopamine from the presynaptic terminal.
C)   inhibits the dopamine transporter.
D)   decreases the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The neuron excretes neurotransmitter through its membrane by a process called:

Accepted Answer

A)   Dale's principle.
B)   exocytosis.
C)   endocytosis.
D)   voltage-dependent flow.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

What determines the effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)   the speed the action potential traveled down the axon
B)   the number of branches of the presynaptic axon
C)   the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
D)   the distance between the synapse and the cell bodyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n)  ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n)  ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuromodulator; synergist
B)   agonist; antagonist
C)   depressant; stimulant
D)   antagonist; agonistE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are:

Accepted Answer

A)   excreted into the synaptic cleft.
B)   synthesized.
C)   destroyed.
D)   secreted into synaptic vesicles.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

The tiny packets that contain neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   vesicles.
B)   bags.
C)   sacs.
D)   terminals.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)   only the number of EPSPs impinging on an axon
B)   only the number of IPSPs impinging on the dendrites
C)   the combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs
D)   summation effects of IPSPsE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

After serotonin or one of the catecholamine transmitters stimulates the postsynaptic receptor, most of the transmitter molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)   remain on the receptor until other neurotransmitters replace them.
B)   are broken into components while still attached to the postsynaptic cell.
C)   are metabolized by the postsynaptic cell as a source of energy.
D)   are reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Metabotropic synapses use a large variety of transmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Most habit-forming drugs activate which type of synapse?

Accepted Answer

A)   acetylcholine
B)   opiate
C)   GABA
D)   dopamineE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

List the major types of neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

Amino acids, neurope...

Question 19

Inhibitory synapses on a neuron:

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperpolarize the postsynaptic cell.
B)   weaken the cell's polarization.
C)   increase the probability of an action potential.
D)   move the potential closer to the cell's threshold.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding reflexes would Charles Sherrington most likely agree with?

Accepted Answer

A)   The overall speed of conduction through a reflex arc is faster than conduction along an axon.
B)   Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect.
C)   Each neuron physically merges with the next one.
D)   Excitatory synapses are more important than inhibitory synapses.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 3: Synapses

Metabotropic synapses use a large variety of transmitters.

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What does it mean to say that acetylcholine exerts ionotropic effects?

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Which of the following statements regarding reflexes would Charles Sherrington most likely agree with?

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The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in:

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What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

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A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____.

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Simultaneous weak stimuli at different locations produce a greater reflexive response than one of the stimuli by itself. What is this phenomenon called?

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After serotonin or one of the catecholamine transmitters stimulates the postsynaptic receptor, most of the transmitter molecules:

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Most habit-forming drugs activate which type of synapse?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines the effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic neuron?

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At synapses, the cell that receives the message is called the presynaptic neuron.

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List the major types of neurotransmitters.

Correct AnswerverifiedAmino acids, neurope...View AnswerShow Answer

The tiny packets that contain neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron are called:

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Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are:

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Inhibitory synapses on a neuron:

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The neuron excretes neurotransmitter through its membrane by a process called:

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Only sensory neurons are found in a reflex arc.

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The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that:

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At the synapse, amphetamine:

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On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?

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A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) .

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Amino acids, neurope...
View Answer

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