Question 1

In the disease myasthenia gravis,there is a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.This shortage blocks contraction by preventing

Accepted Answer

A)  generation of action potentials in the motor neuron.
B)  opening of the T-tubule system.
C)  release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D)  the interaction of troponin with tropomyosin.
E)  generation of action potentials in the muscle fiber.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

When an organism dies,its muscles remain in a contracted state termed rigor mortis for a brief period of time.Contributing most directly to this phenomenon is

Accepted Answer

A)  the inability to synthesize actin and myosin.
B)  the absence of an oxygen supply to muscle.
C)  the lack of ATP to break cross-bridges between thick and thin filaments.
D)  the lack of calcium to bind to troponin.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

You would expect to find more mitochondria in glycolytic muscle fibers than in oxidative muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The primary reservoir for calcium that is released during excitation-contraction coupling in a skeletal muscle fiber is the

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B)  endoplasmic reticulum.
C)  transverse tubules.
D)  Golgi bodies.
E)  troponin.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

A)  to break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP
B)  to bind with troponin,changing its shape so that binding sites on the actin filament are exposed
C)  to transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction
D)  to spread the action potential through the T-tubules
E)  to re-establish the polarization of the plasma's membrane following an action potentialF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Vertebrate bone consists primarily of a crystalline mixture of

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+,PO4-2.
B)  Ca2+,SO4-2.
C)  Ca2+,Cl2.
D)  Na+,Cl-.
E)  Adenosine,PO4-2.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Arthropod exoskeletons are composed primarily of

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin.
B)  calcium carbonate.
C)  collagen.
D)  cartilage.
E)  sclerotin.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The type of muscle that typically surrounds hollow tubes and organs like the stomach is

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscle.
B)  skeletal muscle.
C)  cardiac muscle.
D)  striated muscle.
E)  voluntary musclE.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Release of cross-bridges depends most directly on

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions.
B)  potassium ions.
C)  adenosine diphosphate.
D)  adenosine triphosphate.
E)  creatine phosphatE.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E) D

Question 10

Determine what type of skeletal anatomy is being described in the following account.This skeletal system is found in both terrestrial and aquatic animals.It provides an anchor for muscle attachment and thus aids in locomotion.It is composed of minerals and helps support and protect the rest of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  An endoskeleton
B)  An exoskeleton
C)  Neither an endoskeleton nor an exoskeleton
D)  Both an endoskeleton and an exoskeletonE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

What are some of the disadvantages to having an exoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vulnerability during molting
B)  Bulkiness reduces ability to move
C)  Vulnerability to dessication
D)  Bulkiness makes animal heavyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Muscle cells are stimulated by acetylcholine released from the terminals of

Accepted Answer

A)  transverse tubules.
B)  motor neuron axons.
C)  sensory cell axons.
D)  motor neuron dendrites.
E)  sensory cell dendrites.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

You would expect to find higher myoglobin levels in oxidative muscle fibers than in glycolytic muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In muscle function at the sarcomere level,the formation of cross-bridges is regulated by the binding of ___ ions to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium,troponin
B)  calcium,tropomyosin
C)  calcium,myosin
D)  sodium,troponin
E)  sodium,tropomyosinF) A) and E)
G) A) and D) A

Question 15

The thick filament is composed almost entirely of _____ molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  actin
B)  myosin
C)  troponin
D)  tropomyosin
E)  thrombinF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

A bone soaked in acid for an extended period will become rubbery;you can bend it in half,twist it,sometimes even tie it into a knot! What aspect(s) of the bone's composition do you think has changed due to the acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acid removed the inorganic,mineral components of the bone.
B)  The acid removed the HYPERLINK "#" collagen from the bone.
C)  The acid added Ca2+ to the bone.
D)  Nothing.Over time,bones naturally become rubbery due to decomposition.
E)  The osteoblasts are stimulated by the acid to secrete more HYPERLINK "#" collagenF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single

Accepted Answer

A)  motor unit.
B)  muscle fiber.
C)  sarcolemma.
D)  myofibril.
E)  sarcomerE.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

The breast muscle of turkeys and chickens is usually referred to as light meat,whereas that of wild ducks and geese is described as dark meat.Muscle with more mitochondria and myoglobin are darker compared to muscle with less mitochondria and myoglobin.What can you conclude about these groups of birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turkeys and chickens are not closely related to ducks and geese.
B)  Turkeys and chickens do not fly for sustained periods,whereas wild ducks and geese do.
C)  The muscles of ducks and geese do not contain myosins,whereas the muscles of turkeys and chickens do.
D)  The darker body color of ducks and geese provides protective camouflage against predators.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above B

Question 19

A fish will rapidly dart away from a sudden disturbance,like a pebble thrown into the water.Ususally the fish only swims a short distance before resuming normal,slower locomotion.What type of skeletal muscle fibers does the fish use when darting away?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow-oxidative
B)  Fast-oxidative
C)  Fast-glycolyticD) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 20

During muscular contraction,cross-bridges form between _____ and _____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  actin,myosin
B)  actin,tropomyosin
C)  myosin,troponin
D)  myosin,tropomyosin
E)  troponin,calmodulinF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Exam 34: Muscular-Skeletal Systems

In the disease myasthenia gravis,there is a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.This shortage blocks contraction by preventing

Correct Answer
verified

When an organism dies,its muscles remain in a contracted state termed rigor mortis for a brief period of time.Contributing most directly to this phenomenon is

Correct Answer
verified

You would expect to find more mitochondria in glycolytic muscle fibers than in oxidative muscle fibers.

Correct Answer
verified

The primary reservoir for calcium that is released during excitation-contraction coupling in a skeletal muscle fiber is the

Correct Answer
verified

What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions?

Correct Answer
verified

Vertebrate bone consists primarily of a crystalline mixture of

Correct Answer
verified

Arthropod exoskeletons are composed primarily of

Correct Answer
verified

The type of muscle that typically surrounds hollow tubes and organs like the stomach is

Correct Answer
verified

Release of cross-bridges depends most directly on

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
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What are some of the disadvantages to having an exoskeleton?

Correct Answer
verified

Muscle cells are stimulated by acetylcholine released from the terminals of

Correct Answer
verified

You would expect to find higher myoglobin levels in oxidative muscle fibers than in glycolytic muscle fibers.

Correct Answer
verified

In muscle function at the sarcomere level,the formation of cross-bridges is regulated by the binding of _ ions to __.

Correct Answer
verified
A

The thick filament is composed almost entirely of _____ molecules.

Correct Answer
verified

A bone soaked in acid for an extended period will become rubbery;you can bend it in half,twist it,sometimes even tie it into a knot! What aspect(s) of the bone's composition do you think has changed due to the acid?

Correct Answer
verified

Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

A fish will rapidly dart away from a sudden disturbance,like a pebble thrown into the water.Ususally the fish only swims a short distance before resuming normal,slower locomotion.What type of skeletal muscle fibers does the fish use when darting away?

Correct Answer
verified

During muscular contraction,cross-bridges form between _ and _ .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 34: Muscular-Skeletal Systems

In the disease myasthenia gravis,there is a deficiency of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.This shortage blocks contraction by preventing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an organism dies,its muscles remain in a contracted state termed rigor mortis for a brief period of time.Contributing most directly to this phenomenon is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You would expect to find more mitochondria in glycolytic muscle fibers than in oxidative muscle fibers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary reservoir for calcium that is released during excitation-contraction coupling in a skeletal muscle fiber is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vertebrate bone consists primarily of a crystalline mixture of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthropod exoskeletons are composed primarily of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of muscle that typically surrounds hollow tubes and organs like the stomach is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Release of cross-bridges depends most directly on

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are some of the disadvantages to having an exoskeleton?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Muscle cells are stimulated by acetylcholine released from the terminals of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You would expect to find higher myoglobin levels in oxidative muscle fibers than in glycolytic muscle fibers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In muscle function at the sarcomere level,the formation of cross-bridges is regulated by the binding of ___ ions to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The thick filament is composed almost entirely of _____ molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bone soaked in acid for an extended period will become rubbery;you can bend it in half,twist it,sometimes even tie it into a knot! What aspect(s) of the bone's composition do you think has changed due to the acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each skeletal muscle cell constitutes a single

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A fish will rapidly dart away from a sudden disturbance,like a pebble thrown into the water.Ususally the fish only swims a short distance before resuming normal,slower locomotion.What type of skeletal muscle fibers does the fish use when darting away?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During muscular contraction,cross-bridges form between _____ and _____ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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Correct Answer
verified

In muscle function at the sarcomere level,the formation of cross-bridges is regulated by the binding of _ ions to __.

Correct Answer
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A

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B

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During muscular contraction,cross-bridges form between _ and _ .

Correct Answer
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