Question 1

The level of depolarization at which an action potential will be triggered is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  resting potential.
B)  membrane potential.
C)  cationic potential.
D)  refractory potential.
E)  threshold potential.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 2

The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions (where the neuron meets skeletal muscle) in vertebrates is

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine.
B)  serotonin.
C)  epinephrine.
D)  GABA.
E)  endorphin.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E) A

Question 3

What type of neuron is responsible for carrying electrical signals AWAY from the CNS to elicit a response in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron
B)  motor neuron
C)  interneuron
D)  glial cell
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest (-70 mV initially) would trigger

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization.
B)  depolarization.
C)  repolarization.
D)  active transport.
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The two distinct types of neurotransmitter receptors found in postsynaptic membranes are

Accepted Answer

A)  metabotropic and neurotropic.
B)  ionotropic and gonadotropic.
C)  gonadotropic and neurotropiC.
D)  neurotropic and isotopic.
E)  metabotropic and ionotropic.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

A researcher isolated a neuronal axon from the brain of a new species of squirrel and noticed that it was covered in a myelin sheath.What are the likely origins of this axon? (Check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)   Central nervous system (CNS) 
B)   Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 
C)   Areas composed of white matter
D)   Areas composed of gray matterE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

If you applied a toxin that blocked non-voltage-gated potassium channels (i.e. ,the potassium "leak channels") in a resting neuron,it would cause the membrane potential to be

Accepted Answer

A)  less negative.
B)  more negative.
C)  No change would be observed.D) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 8

Graded potentials are particularly important for conveying stimulus intensity in

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons.
B)  motor neurons.
C)  interneurons.
D)  skeletal muscle cells.
E)  Schwann cells.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 9

New neuron synapses do not appear in the brain of adult vertebrate animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The peripheral nervous system in a vertebrate can be divided into

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain and spinal cord.
B)  the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
C)  the central nervous and sensory systems.
D)  the somatic and autonomic systems.
E)  muscles and glands.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Scientists used microelectrodes to measure the resting membrane potential (inside relative to outside) of a typical neuron and discovered a difference of

Accepted Answer

A)  70 mV.
B)  300 mV.
C)  -300 mV.
D)  0 mV.
E)  -70 mV.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E) E

Question 12

Disruption of neural signaling can produce profound changes in mood and behavior.Cocaine exerts its effects by

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake from synapses.
B)  blocking serotonin reuptake from synapses.
C)  preventing neurotransmitter vesicle fusion with presynaptic neuron membranes.
D)  blocking the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
E)  binding to the GABA receptor to enhance inhibitory neurotransmission.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The electrical difference across a neuronal membrane is measured in

Accepted Answer

A)  newtons.
B)  milliwatts.
C)  milliamperes.
D)  joules.
E)  millivolts.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 14

It is accurate to say that neural transmission across nearly all mammalian synaptic clefts is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  neural impulses involving the flow of K+ and Na+ across the cleft.
B)  neural impulses traveling across the gap as electrical currents.
C)  neural impulses causing the release of chemicals that diffuse across the cleft.
D)  neural impulses traveling across the cleft in both directions.
E)  the calcium within the axons and dendrites of nerves adjacent to a synapse acting as the neurotransmitter.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The main class(es) of neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood in vertebrate animals is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids.
B)  gases such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide.
C)  acetylcholine and amino acids.
D)  acetylcholine.
E)  the biogenic amines.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Complete the Nernst Equation by deciding what symbol belongs in the first blank.
_________ = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]) .

Accepted Answer

A)  the equilibrium potential
B)  the membrane potential
C)  the action potential
D)  resting potential
E)  refractory potentialF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

The multi-purpose fluid that bathes the the central nervous system is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid.
B)  interstitial fluid.
C)  lymph.
D)  blooD.
E)  arachnoid fluid.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 18

The period following an action potential during which a neuron cannot be stimulated to generate another action potential is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the refractory period.
B)  the threshold period.
C)  the resting period.
D)  the inactivation perioD.
E)  the critical period.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

The simplest nervous system found in nature is the nerve net.An example of an organism that senses and responds to its environment with this ancient system would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a jellyfish.
B)  an earthworm.
C)  a frog.
D)  a fiddler crab.
E)  a cockroach.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D) A

Question 20

The part of the axon closest to the cell body is the

Accepted Answer

A)  hillock.
B)  dendrite.
C)  soma.
D)  myelin sheath.
E)  nucleus.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 32: Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

The level of depolarization at which an action potential will be triggered is referred to as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junctions (where the neuron meets skeletal muscle) in vertebrates is

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What type of neuron is responsible for carrying electrical signals AWAY from the CNS to elicit a response in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest (-70 mV initially) would trigger

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two distinct types of neurotransmitter receptors found in postsynaptic membranes are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher isolated a neuronal axon from the brain of a new species of squirrel and noticed that it was covered in a myelin sheath.What are the likely origins of this axon? (Check all that apply)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you applied a toxin that blocked non-voltage-gated potassium channels (i.e. ,the potassium "leak channels") in a resting neuron,it would cause the membrane potential to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Graded potentials are particularly important for conveying stimulus intensity in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

New neuron synapses do not appear in the brain of adult vertebrate animals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The peripheral nervous system in a vertebrate can be divided into

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists used microelectrodes to measure the resting membrane potential (inside relative to outside) of a typical neuron and discovered a difference of

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Disruption of neural signaling can produce profound changes in mood and behavior.Cocaine exerts its effects by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The electrical difference across a neuronal membrane is measured in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is accurate to say that neural transmission across nearly all mammalian synaptic clefts is the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main class(es) of neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood in vertebrate animals is/are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complete the Nernst Equation by deciding what symbol belongs in the first blank. _________ = 60 mV log10 ([Xextracellular/Xintracellular]) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The multi-purpose fluid that bathes the the central nervous system is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The period following an action potential during which a neuron cannot be stimulated to generate another action potential is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The simplest nervous system found in nature is the nerve net.An example of an organism that senses and responds to its environment with this ancient system would be

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The part of the axon closest to the cell body is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Increasing the flow of Na⁺ ions into a neuron at rest (-70 mV initially) would trigger

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E

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Complete the Nernst Equation by deciding what symbol belongs in the first blank. _________ = 60 mV log₁₀ ([X_{extracellular}/X_{intracellular}]) .

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A

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