Question 1

Identify the point in time during an action potential when a positive feedback process is occurring in a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the neuron is at rest
B)  as the neuron is being depolarized and passes the threshold potential
C)  after the peak depolarization of the action potential when it is rapidly repolarizing
D)  during the undershoot phase when the neuron is slightly hyperpolarized relative to the resting potential
E)  A positive feedback process is occurring at all the time points given.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

The same neurotransmitter may produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects on postsynaptic neurons depending on the specific receptor type it binds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system tend to have opposing actions on target organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The differences in relative concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell act as an electrical force.The specific ion(s) MOST important to establishing the resting potential in neurons would be

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+.
B)  K+.
C)  intracellular anions (e.g. ,proteins) .
D)  H+.
E)  Na+,K+ and intracellular anions are all important.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Predict the expected consequence(s) of applying a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  No resting membrane potential would be observed (i.e. ,measures at 0 mV) .
B)  A rapid increase in membrane potential at threshold voltage would not occur.
C)  Membrane potential would increase rapidly to peak with an action potential,but would not decrease immediately afterwards.
D)  The neuron would become hyperpolarizeD.
E)  Neuron conducts action potentials normally,but would not transmit these potentials across chemical synapses.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials

Accepted Answer

A)  across electrical synapses.
B)  along the postsynaptic membrane from dendrite to axon hillock.
C)  in two directions at the same time.
D)  from one neuron to another.
E)  along myelinated axons.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Action potentials are typically also characterized as graded potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Duct tape is to its cardboard roll as the myelin sheath is to the

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite.
B)  axon.
C)  soma.
D)  interneuron.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The exposed,unmyelinated gaps between glia on myelinated axons are also sites of voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The region of the human brain is that is critically important for monitoring and controlling movements is the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongatA.
B)  cerebellum.
C)  hypothalamus.
D)  basal nuclei.
E)  cerebral cortex.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

When the cell is NOT sending signals,the electrical difference between the inside and outside of a neuronal membrane is specifically referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential.
B)  graded potential.
C)  resting potential.
D)  membrane potential.
E)  reversal potential.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

What explanation can you give for why the sodium-potassium pump does not run out of ions to move in or out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leak channels are always open,allowing the passage of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) across the membrane.
B)  The cell continuously produces more ions to replace those moved by the pump,maintaining a constant supply.
C)  Many of the ions moved in or out then diffuse passively back through the membrane in the opposite direction.D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 13

Which organisms have a CNS? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)    Jellyfish
B)    Oak trees
C)    Frogs
D)    Eagles
E)    ElephantsF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

The portion of the brain that has shown the most dramatic changes in size in the evolution of birds and mammals is the

Accepted Answer

A)  hindbrain.
B)  midbrain.
C)  forebrain.
D)  cerebellum.
E)  medulla oblongata.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

At rest,neurons exhibit a negative membrane potential.Among the factors that maintain this polarity,assess which is most DIRECTLY responsible for the difference between intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations?

Accepted Answer

A)  movements of negatively charged proteins and nucleic acids across the membrane.
B)  passive leakage of Na+ ions across the membrane.
C)  passive leakage of K+ ions across the membrane.
D)  movement of Na+ ions through voltage-gated Na+ channels.
E)  movement of K+ ions through voltage-gated K+ channels.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 16

Overall brain size across mammals (e.g. ,an elephant vs.a bat)is a good predictor of behavioral complexity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Pufferfish (Fugu) are a delicacy in Japan,but must be cleaned very carefully as their liver contains tetrodotoxin which blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels.Imagine you are testing for the presence of this toxin using a neuron in a dish.You apply an electrical stimulus to the neuron that should produce an action potential.What will you observe if tetrodotoxin levels are high enough to block the neuron's voltage-gated Na+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  The neuron will exhibit a slow depolarization even before the stimulus is applied,followed by a normal action potential.
B)  The neuron will exhibit a slow hyperpolarization even before the stimulus is applied.
C)  The neuron will show a normal resting potential,but will not exhibit depolarization when the stimulus is applied.
D)  The neuron will exhibit rapid depolarization,but will not repolarize.
E)  The neuron will depolarize normally,but then become hyperpolarized such that the membrane potential is much lower than usual.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

The electrochemical gradient that determines how a charged ion will move through a permeable membrane depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)  the electrical forces acting on that ion.
B)  the difference in concentration of that ion on either side of the membrane.
C)  the ratio between the charge on the ion and its atomic mass.
D)  the combined effects of electrical forces and concentration differences across the membrane.
E)  All of the choices for this question are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

You are out at night and hear a sound in the bushes.The electrical signal carrying this information to your brain is carried first by a

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron.
B)  motor neuron.
C)  interneuron.
D)  glial cell.
E)  All of these choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

An excitatory neurotransmitter will produce an ______ that will ____ the postsynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSP,depolarize
B)  EPSP,hyperpolarize
C)  IPSP,depolarize
D)  IPSP,hyperpolarize
E)  IPSP,not affectF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Exam 32: Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

When the cell is NOT sending signals,the electrical difference between the inside and outside of a neuronal membrane is specifically referred to as the

Correct Answer
verified

The same neurotransmitter may produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects on postsynaptic neurons depending on the specific receptor type it binds.

Correct Answer
verified

Identify the point in time during an action potential when a positive feedback process is occurring in a neuron.

Correct Answer
verified

Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials

Correct Answer
verified

The region of the human brain is that is critically important for monitoring and controlling movements is the

Correct Answer
verified

The portion of the brain that has shown the most dramatic changes in size in the evolution of birds and mammals is the

Correct Answer
verified

Action potentials are typically also characterized as graded potentials.

Correct Answer
verified

You are out at night and hear a sound in the bushes.The electrical signal carrying this information to your brain is carried first by a

Correct Answer
verified

Duct tape is to its cardboard roll as the myelin sheath is to the

Correct Answer
verified

Which organisms have a CNS? Check all that apply.

Correct Answer
verified

The exposed,unmyelinated gaps between glia on myelinated axons are also sites of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels.

Correct Answer
verified

At rest,neurons exhibit a negative membrane potential.Among the factors that maintain this polarity,assess which is most DIRECTLY responsible for the difference between intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations?

Correct Answer
verified

What explanation can you give for why the sodium-potassium pump does not run out of ions to move in or out of the cell?

Correct Answer
verified

The differences in relative concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell act as an electrical force.The specific ion(s) MOST important to establishing the resting potential in neurons would be

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An excitatory neurotransmitter will produce an __ that will the postsynaptic neuron.

Correct Answer
verified

Predict the expected consequence(s) of applying a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in a neuron.

Correct Answer
verified

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system tend to have opposing actions on target organs.

Correct Answer
verified

The electrochemical gradient that determines how a charged ion will move through a permeable membrane depends upon

Correct Answer
verified

Overall brain size across mammals (e.g. ,an elephant vs.a bat)is a good predictor of behavioral complexity.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 32: Neuroscience I: Structure, Function, and Evolution of Nervous Systems

When the cell is NOT sending signals,the electrical difference between the inside and outside of a neuronal membrane is specifically referred to as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The same neurotransmitter may produce either excitatory or inhibitory effects on postsynaptic neurons depending on the specific receptor type it binds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the point in time during an action potential when a positive feedback process is occurring in a neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Saltatory conduction is a term applied to the "jumping" movement of action potentials

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The region of the human brain is that is critically important for monitoring and controlling movements is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the brain that has shown the most dramatic changes in size in the evolution of birds and mammals is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Action potentials are typically also characterized as graded potentials.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are out at night and hear a sound in the bushes.The electrical signal carrying this information to your brain is carried first by a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Duct tape is to its cardboard roll as the myelin sheath is to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms have a CNS? Check all that apply.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The exposed,unmyelinated gaps between glia on myelinated axons are also sites of voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At rest,neurons exhibit a negative membrane potential.Among the factors that maintain this polarity,assess which is most DIRECTLY responsible for the difference between intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What explanation can you give for why the sodium-potassium pump does not run out of ions to move in or out of the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The differences in relative concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell act as an electrical force.The specific ion(s) MOST important to establishing the resting potential in neurons would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An excitatory neurotransmitter will produce an ______ that will ____ the postsynaptic neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predict the expected consequence(s) of applying a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in a neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system tend to have opposing actions on target organs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The electrochemical gradient that determines how a charged ion will move through a permeable membrane depends upon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overall brain size across mammals (e.g. ,an elephant vs.a bat)is a good predictor of behavioral complexity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The exposed,unmyelinated gaps between glia on myelinated axons are also sites of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An excitatory neurotransmitter will produce an __ that will the postsynaptic neuron.

Correct Answer
verified

Predict the expected consequence(s) of applying a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels in a neuron.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified