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The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.


A) epigenetic
B) biosocial
C) sociogenetic
D) congenital

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Tracy's parents are avid sports fans.Since she was a child,they took her to numerous baseball and football games,and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad.When she was old enough,her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well.This is an example of a(n) :


A) evocative genotype-environment correlation.
B) active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation.
C) passive genotype-environment correlation.
D) gene-gene correlation.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following techniques is used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery?


A) Massage therapy
B) Music therapy
C) Acupuncture
D) Cesarean section

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The _____ is a layer of the embryo,which will become the circulatory system,bones,muscles,excretory system,and reproductive system.


A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) epidermis

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is TRUE about the effects of cocaine use by pregnant women?


A) Cocaine exposure during prenatal development is associated with increased birth weight.
B) Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked to higher arousal.
C) Cocaine exposure during prenatal development is associated with reduced length and head circumference.
D) Children born to cocaine users exhibit higher quality of reflexes at one month of age.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements about the effects of marijuana exposure on offspring is true?


A) Research has concluded that marijuana use by pregnant women is associated with memory deficits in their offspring.
B) Research has indicated that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant have a higher risk of having a child who develops depression by age 10.
C) Research has shown that mothers who use marijuana while pregnant risk their offspring using marijuana by age 14.
D) Research has concluded that controlled doses of marijuana are associated with increased memory in the developing offspring.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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This prenatal care program consists of approximately 50 home visits from the prenatal period through two years of age.


A) The Nurse Family Partnership
B) CenteringPregnancy
C) Maxx Family Life
D) Prenatal Care Assistance Program

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Angelique has a chromosomal disorder characterized by a missing X chromosome,making her XO instead of XX.Angelique's doctors have diagnosed her with:


A) Fragile X syndrome.
B) the XYY syndrome.
C) Klinefelter syndrome.
D) Turner syndrome.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Julianne lost her baby early in her pregnancy.Which of the following paternal factors could have possibly led to this outcome?


A) Her partner was overweight.
B) Her partner was a heavy smoker,even during her pregnancy.
C) Her partner is deficient in vitamin C.
D) Her partner was undergoing severe emotional stress during her pregnancy.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth.Although genetically identical,they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics.For example,though both inherited a tendency to grow large,Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family.This variability can be explained by how:


A) each zygote is unique.
B) longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases.
C) for each genotype,a range of phenotypes can be expressed.
D) mutated genes can be a source of genetic variability.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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In some cases,one gene of a pair always exerts its effects,overriding the potential influence of the other gene.This is the _____ principle.


A) sex-linked genes
B) dominant-recessive genes
C) genetic imprinting
D) polygenic inheritance

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Bronwyn is interested in using non-medical techniques to assist her with dealing with pain during childbirth.Based on the text and class discussion,what are the two best options available to her,and why?

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Some new nonmedicated techniqu...

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Which of the following is an example of a passive genotype-environment correlation?


A) Uncooperative,distractible children receive more unpleasant and disciplinary action from parents and teachers.
B) Outgoing children tend to seek out social contexts in which to interact with people.
C) Parents who have a genetic predisposition to be musically inclined encourage their children to learn how to play a musical instrument.
D) Infants who smile more receive more attention from individuals in their social environment.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a feature of the embryonic period of prenatal development?


A) The creation of the fertilized egg
B) Formation of the blastocyst
C) The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall
D) Formation of support systems for cells

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Alicia is pregnant and a heavy smoker.Which of the following is her baby MORE likely to have than is the baby of a nonsmoker?


A) Facial and limb deformities
B) Sudden infant death syndrome
C) Cleft palate
D) Tremors and increased general irritability

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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A delivery in which no drugs are given to relieve pain or assist in the birth process is called:


A) a cesarean delivery.
B) natural childbirth.
C) induced childbirth.
D) forced childbirth.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Clark's genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and a recessive gene for blue eye color.According to the dominant-recessive gene principle,which of the following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark?


A) Black eyes
B) Blue eyes
C) Grey eyes
D) Brown eyes

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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_____ replaces traditional 15-minute physician visits with 90-minute peer group support settings and self-examination led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife.


A) CenteringPregnancy
B) The use of doulas
C) The use of professional midwives
D) Nurse Family Partnership

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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A recessive gene exerts its influence only if:


A) both genes in a pair are recessive.
B) it is the stronger gene.
C) the environment is right.
D) the dominant gene is also present in the pair.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a small molecule that would be able to pass through the placental wall?


A) Red blood cells
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Hormones
D) Maternal wastes

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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