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After a receiver responds to a message,the sender's interpretation of the response indicating whether the message was decoded and understood as intended during the communications process is referred to as


A) encoding.
B) receiver response.
C) feedback.
D) noise.
E) message loop.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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In the hierarchy of effects,an increase in the consumer's desire to learn about some of the features of the product or brand is referred to as the __________ stage.


A) adoption
B) exploration
C) awareness
D) interest
E) trial

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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All products go through a product life cycle of __________ stages: __________.


A) two; new and improved
B) two; growth and decline
C) three; new, improved, and obsolete
D) four; awareness, interest, trial, and adoption
E) four; introduction, growth, maturity, and decline

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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The promotional mix includes which of the following?


A) segmentation
B) personal selling
C) merchandising
D) branding
E) people

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements describes a key difference between advertising and publicity?


A) Publicity is more expensive on a cost-per-contact basis than advertising.
B) Publicity is easily controlled by the user while advertising is not.
C) Advertising is usually directly paid, and publicity is usually indirectly paid.
D) Advertising provides an immediate feedback loop, and publicity does not.
E) Publicity results in less credibility with consumers than advertising does.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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In the hierarchy of effects,interest refers to


A) the consumer's ability to recognize and remember the product or brand name.
B) the consumer's appraisal of the product or brand on important attributes.
C) an increase in the consumer's desire to learn about some of the features of the product or brand.
D) a favorable experience on the first trial, resulting in the consumer's repeated purchase and use of the product or brand.
E) the consumer's first actual purchase and use of the product or brand.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The process of a sender transforming an idea into a set of symbols during the communication process is referred to as


A) decoding.
B) encrypting.
C) message formation.
D) advertising.
E) encoding.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Figure 14-2 Figure 14-2     -To communicate with consumers,a company can use one or more of five promotion alternatives.In Figure 14-2,the promotional element labeled Box A represents A)  advertising. B)  personal selling. C)  public relations. D)  sales promotion. E)  direct marketing. -To communicate with consumers,a company can use one or more of five promotion alternatives.In Figure 14-2,the promotional element labeled Box A represents


A) advertising.
B) personal selling.
C) public relations.
D) sales promotion.
E) direct marketing.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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When a manufacturer directs the promotional mix to channel members to gain their cooperation in ordering and stocking the product,it is using __________ strategy.


A) a push
B) a pull
C) an inertia
D) an exclusivity
E) a logistics

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Public relations refers to


A) a seller-directed flow of communication, often in a face-to-face encounter, designed to promote a product with the purpose of making a sale.
B) an individualized communications program specifically designed for a single customer because the item being sold is unique to that person.
C) a mass selling approach that has been tailored to meet the more select needs of a target market based on age, gender, ethnicity, or occupation.
D) a form of communication that is intended to counteract any negative information or misinformation that has been instigated by competitors or disgruntled customers.
E) a form of communication management that seeks to influence the feelings, opinions, or beliefs held by customers, prospective customers, stockholders, suppliers, employees, and other publics about a company and its products or services.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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All of the following are methods that firms use to set their promotion budgets except which?


A) objective and task
B) lost-horse forecast
C) competitive parity
D) percentage of sales
E) all-you-can-afford

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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During the implementation phase of an IMC program,a firm will __________ and carry out promotion.


A) posttest the promotion
B) design the promotion
C) state the mission
D) identify possible advertising or promotional firms
E) pretest the promotion

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Competitive parity budgeting refers to


A) matching a competitor's absolute level of spending or the proportion per point of market share.
B) allocating funds to a promotion as a percentage of past or anticipated sales, in terms of either dollars or units sold.
C) allocating funds to a promotion only after all other budget items are covered.
D) determining a firm's promotion objectives, outlining the tasks to accomplish these objectives, and determining the advertising cost of performing these tasks.
E) allocating funds to a promotion based on expected profits generated from it.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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For a promotional campaign,the hierarchy of effects refers to the stages a prospective buyer goes through,which include


A) awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and rejection.
B) interest, adoption, and brand loyalty.
C) cognition, affect, and behavior.
D) awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption.
E) seeing an ad, trying the product, buying the product, and buying the product again.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The practice of __________ is common among college students.


A) media multitasking
B) Internet addiction
C) creating user-generated content for brands
D) focused and extended attention
E) receiving and responding to direct-response mobile calls

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Procter & Gamble introduced Old Spice High Endurance antiperspirant,targeted to teenage boys who don't watch much TV.P&G handed out samples at skateboarding events and sponsored a contest for the "high-school football player of the year." P&G emphasized which promotional element in this example?


A) sales promotion
B) advertising
C) personal selling
D) public relations
E) word of mouth

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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New Balance recently spent $13 million for time on television and space in selected magazines to promote its athletic shoes.What form of marketing communication did it use?


A) public relations
B) personal selling
C) publicity
D) sales promotion
E) advertising

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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A promotion alternative that uses direct communication with consumers to generate a response in the form of an order,a request for further information,or a visit to a retail outlet is referred to as


A) personal selling.
B) sales promotion.
C) publicity.
D) advertising.
E) direct marketing.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A __________ consists of a response and feedback.


A) feedback loop
B) consequence
C) source reaction
D) primary cause and effect
E) concept effect

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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An unsatisfied customer who switches brands is hard to replace.Which stage of the product life cycle is focused on maintaining loyal buyers?


A) introduction
B) maturity
C) growth
D) relationship development
E) decline

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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