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Which feature is found in the bony fish but not in the cartilaginous fish?


A) scales
B) lateral line system for detecting prey
C) endothermy
D) ectothermy
E) swim bladder

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following groups had made their appearance during the Ordovician period?


A) jawless and jawed fish
B) jawed fish and amphibians
C) amphibians and reptiles
D) reptiles and mammals
E) All of these groups had appeared by the Ordovician period.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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The jawed fish and all other vertebrates are gnathostomes, which means they have


A) segmentation.
B) jaws.
C) a notochord that develops into a vertebral column.
D) amniotic eggs.
E) exoskeletons

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Which of these characteristics first developed in reptiles?


A) amniotic egg
B) scales on skin
C) four-legged body
D) skull and vertebral column
E) animals living completely on land

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Explain the four features necessary to classify an organism as a vertebrate.

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The answer should include:
1. ...

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All chordates are also vertebrates.

A) True
B) False

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Based on molecular data and skull features, what reptile(s) has an independent lineage from all other reptiles?


A) lizards
B) snakes
C) turtles
D) crocodiles
E) lizards and crocodiles have independent lineages

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Name the two groups of organisms that are classified as nonvertebrate chordates and indicate their unique features.

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The cephalochordates (lancelets) and uro...

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The organ of nutrition used in fetal development in the most successful mammals is the


A) mammary gland.
B) egg.
C) pouch.
D) placenta.
E) marsupium.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Which of the following groups are considered chordates but are lacking the vertebral column trait?


A) osteichthyes & urochordata
B) urochordata & cephalochordates
C) cephalochordates & chondrichthyes
D) sea squirts & chondrichthyes

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Predacious meat eaters with large and conical-shaped canines are


A) cetaceans.
B) chiroptera.
C) carnivores.
D) proboscidea.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Most salamanders practice internal fertilization


A) using spermatophores.
B) externally in water.
C) internally by copulation.
D) just like frogs.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Reptiles evolved from ______ ancestors and were abundant by the ________ Period.


A) mammals; Carboniferous
B) fish; Devonian
C) echinoderms; Cambrian
D) amphibians; Permian

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Among the chordates, which features are unique to the tunicates?


A) leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
B) gill slits and bilateral symmetry
C) sexual reproduction and complete digestive system
D) sessile adult stage and aquatic lifestyle
E) leathery outer covering and sessile adult stage

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Which of these characteristics is NOT found in the amphibians?


A) thin moist skin
B) two-chambered heart
C) small inefficient lungs
D) aquatic larvae
E) eggs with gelatinous covering

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The cephalochordates possess an atrium that is used to filter microscopic food particles out of the water.

A) True
B) False

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