Question 1

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness
B)  self-conceptualization
C)  introspection
D)  meditationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Gordon Gallup (1977) briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans.
B)  have a complex,multifaceted sense of self.
C)  are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem.
D)  possess a self-concept much like a human's.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive mental attitude
B)  strong social support network
C)  fixed mindset
D)  growth mindsetE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)  small-their similarities outweigh differences.
B)  unpredictable-in some ways,men are from Mars and women are from Venus.In other ways,they are exactly the same.
C)  nonexistent-there are no such things as gender differences.
D)  large-differences outweigh similarities.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

Accepted Answer

A)  malleable.
B)  unchangeable.
C)  both genetic and environmental.
D)  learned.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alan,who lost one leg in an accident,comparing himself to the driver,who was killed
B)  David,who loses his job.but gets a severance package with six months' salary,comparing himself to a colleague at another company who lost his job.and received three months' severance
C)  Steven,who compares his driving skills today with those that he had when he was in high school
D)  Marty,who compares his coordination after contracting multiple sclerosis with that which he had before the diseaseE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

Accepted Answer

A)  people have to be extremely self-aware to learn anything about themselves.
B)  people must rely on controlled processes to effectively introspect.
C)  mental processes are not observable,and therefore do not actually exist.
D)  many of our mental processes occur outside our awareness.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008) in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Accepted Answer

A)  Westerners
B)  East Asians
C)  men
D)  womenE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

Accepted Answer

A)  Someone who does not like to read very much on his or her own
B)  Boys would be more likely than girls to lose their motivation.
C)  good students
D)  children who enjoy reading to begin withE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

It's Halloween,but you don't want to be running back and forth to answer the door.To avoid any "tricks," you decide to leave a large container of candy on the porch.You've just read about self-awareness theory,and you have a hunch about how to keep greedy trick-or-treaters from taking more than their fair share of the candy.You decide to

Accepted Answer

A)  install a one-way mirror to catch and punish offenders,and to make an example of them.
B)  place a large mirror behind the candy,so that children can see themselves as they approach.
C)  set up a tape-recorder that plays songs about cooperation and giving.
D)  place a picture of the Wicked Witch of the West behind the candy to warn them of what will happen if they take too much.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Accepted Answer

A)  failure.
B)  an internal attribution for failure.
C)  an external attribution for failure.
D)  a misattribution of failure.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Accepted Answer

A)  She has just walked in the door after going for a long run,and knows that she is still aroused from the exercise.
B)  She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes mild arousal.
C)  She had taken some allergy medicine that she knows causes mild arousal.
D)  She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes relaxation and sleepiness.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Accepted Answer

A)  conveying the message that there is a fixed amount of ability that one either has or doesn't have
B)  making the child feel competent in the area
C)  making the child feel as though the task required hard work
D)  conveying the message that the task was one that the child chose to do on his or her own initiativeE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory posits that we ...

Question 15

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept.
B)  stream of consciousness.
C)  self-esteem.
D)  looking-glass self.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly) it is done,is the best definition of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement.
B)  task-contingent rewards.
C)  intrinsic motivation.
D)  performance-contingent rewards.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego
B)  cortex
C)  self
D)  superegoE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Of course,they are so similar,it's easy to understand."
B)  Many decide to change their view of self and "convert" to the view held by the other culture.
C)  Many wish to promote a vision of a unified intradependent view of the self.
D)  Many have difficulty understanding how the others could view the world in such a way.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

Accepted Answer

A)  effort.
B)  right answer no matter what.
C)  increase in competence through hard work.
D)  increase in intelligence through ability.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The self-concept refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  content of the self.
B)  act of thinking about ourselves.
C)  tendency for people to remember information about themselves better than about others.
D)  evaluation of one's personal worth.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Correct Answer
verified

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

Correct Answer
verified

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008) in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Correct Answer
verified

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Correct Answer
verified

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Correct Answer
verified

Gordon Gallup (1977) briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Correct Answer
verified

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

Correct Answer
verified
Social comparison theory posits that we ...
View Answer

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

Correct Answer
verified

The self-concept refers to the

Correct Answer
verified

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Correct Answer
verified

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Correct Answer
verified

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly) it is done,is the best definition of

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

Correct Answer
verified

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Correct Answer
verified

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

Correct Answer
verified

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

Correct Answer
verified

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

Correct Answer
verified

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008) in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gordon Gallup (1977) briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

Correct AnswerverifiedSocial comparison theory posits that we ...View AnswerShow Answer

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The self-concept refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly) it is done,is the best definition of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Social comparison theory posits that we ...
View Answer

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