Question 1

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer,but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Urethra and bladder infections are easily treated with antibiotics,but even simple kidney infections are much more difficult to treat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidney stores glucose as glycogen.
B)  kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport.
C)  glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
D)  glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney.
E)  glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Nervous control of urination involves what mechanism(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain determines need for urination from an internal clock.
B)  Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder directly send impulses to the sphincters to cause urination.
C)  Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder send impulses to the spine,causing a urinary reflex,but the brain can delay the reflex.
D)  Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder directly send impulses to the brain that consciously decides to stimulate sphincters to relax.
E)  Chemical receptors in the bladder detect urine concentration and trigger a reflex action.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions,creatinine,and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule.How are these molecules moved across?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid pressure similar to what happens in the glomerulus
B)  passive diffusion
C)  osmosis
D)  active transport
E)  reverse reabsorptionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Sodium concentration in the urine will be maintained due to the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  an active release of sodium from the descending limb.
B)  a passive and active release of sodium from the ascending limb.
C)  a passive release of sodium from the descending limb.
D)  the release of water from the ascending limb.
E)  the active transport of water.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  red blood cells
C)  nitrogenous wastes
D)  glucose and other nutrients
E)  salts (ions) F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A)  less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule.
B)  more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal.
C)  more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
D)  an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination.
E)  increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  urea
C)  uric acid
D)  creatinine
E)  bile pigmentsF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 11

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

Accepted Answer

A)  helps with defecation.
B)  is a place where white cells attack bacteria.
C)  stores urine to prevent constant urination.
D)  transports urine to the outside of the body.
E)  filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Which statement is NOT true about ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the permeability of the collecting duct.
B)  ADH increases water reabsorption.
C)  ADH decreases urine volume.
D)  It is secreted by the adrenal gland.
E)  Hot,sweaty days will cause more ADH release.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

What is the correct order an excreted water molecule moves from glomerulus to collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of nephron →\rightarrow→  glomerular capsule  →\rightarrow→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→  distal convoluted tubule
B)  glomerular capsule  →\rightarrow→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→   loop of nephron  →\rightarrow→   distal convoluted tubule
C)  glomerular capsule  →\rightarrow→  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→   distal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→   loop of nephron
D)  proximal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→   glomerular capsule  →\rightarrow→   loop of nephron  →\rightarrow→  distal convoluted tubule
E)  distal convoluted tubule →\rightarrow→   glomerular capsule  →\rightarrow→   proximal convoluted tubule  →\rightarrow→   loop of nephron F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Accepted Answer

A)  urethritis.
B)  kidneyitis.
C)  cystitis.
D)  nephritis.
E)  prostatitis.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Urine contains substances that underwent pressure filtration and substances that underwent tubular secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Ammonia in urine is NOT evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  tubule cells deaminating amino acids.
B)  a mechanism to neutralize acidic urine.
C)  buffering of excess hydrogen ions in urine (NH3 + H+  →\rightarrow→  NH4+) .
D)  the need to reabsorb more water.
E)  regulation of pH of body fluids. F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Jackie's ankles are very swollen at night after work.When she went to the doctor about the problem,the doctor requested a urine specimen.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Edema could be a sign of kidney failure.A urine sample might contain protein or urea.
B)  Jackie is probably drinking too much water and the doctor can see this because the urine will be very dilute.
C)  Jackie probably stands all day long and this prevents the urinary system from working correctly.
D)  Edema is a sign of kidney stones and the doctor is looking for small stones in the urine.
E)  Edema could be a sign of an inactive bladder.The doctor wants to see if Jackie is capable of urinating.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Which substance is not removed from the body via the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid
B)  salt
C)  feces
D)  bicarbonate
E)  ureaF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron.
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
C)  glomerulus.
D)  alveoli.
E)  microvilli.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Deamination of amino acids will result initially in the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia.
B)  urea.
C)  glucose.
D)  creatinine.
E)  uric acid.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nervous control of urination involves what mechanism(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions,creatinine,and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule.How are these molecules moved across?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer,but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urethra and bladder infections are easily treated with antibiotics,but even simple kidney infections are much more difficult to treat.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about ADH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium concentration in the urine will be maintained due to the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) exhibiting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct order an excreted water molecule moves from glomerulus to collecting duct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia in urine is NOT evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jackie's ankles are very swollen at night after work.When she went to the doctor about the problem,the doctor requested a urine specimen.Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine contains substances that underwent pressure filtration and substances that underwent tubular secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substance is not removed from the body via the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deamination of amino acids will result initially in the formation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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