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Older adults especially perform well when decision making


A) is not constrained by time pressures.
B) does not hold any meaning for them.
C) involves high risks.
D) requires high perceptual speed.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What are the speech and language difficulties faced by individuals with Alzheimer disease?

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Word-finding/generating difficulties are...

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Why are older adults more likely to forget what items they wanted to buy at a grocery store (unless they write them down on a list and take it with them) than forget how to drive a car?


A) Perceptual speed declines with aging.
B) Implicit memory is less likely to be adversely affected by aging than explicit memory.
C) Source memory is more likely to decline with aging than prospective memory.
D) Explicit memory declines more rapidly with aging than implicit memory.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a probable reason for the decline in working memory in older adults?


A) increased distractibility
B) efficient inhibition
C) tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D) lowered implicit memory

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to a study conducted by Schieman, van Gundy, and Taylor, the lower frequency of depressive symptoms in older adults compared with middle-aged adults was linked to


A) fewer economic hardships.
B) regular physical activity.
C) frequent negative social interchanges.
D) decreased religiosity.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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One of the most common language difficulties that older adults experience is


A) expressive aphasia.
B) stuttering.
C) making up new words that other people do not understand.
D) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is a similarity between Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease?


A) Both are triggered by a deficiency of the important brain messenger chemical acetylcholine.
B) Both are progressive in nature.
C) Both affect only the elderly.
D) Both are easily managed with medication.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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According to a study by Dols and others, which of the following is more effective in treating older adults' depression than antidepressants?


A) existential therapy
B) ecological counseling
C) adlerian therapy
D) electroconvulsive treatment

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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________ refers to a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function.


A) Huntington's disease
B) Parkinson disease
C) Alzheimer disease
D) Clinical depression

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the brakes when a traffic light suddenly turns red. This is because they have


A) a decline in explicit memory.
B) slower perceptual speed.
C) inferior semantic memory.
D) lost the ability to use their episodic memory.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Venette recounts a funny story that she had recently heard to her friend Clarice. Clarice tells her that she has heard the story before, and, in fact, she had been the one to originally tell the story to Venette. From the scenario, it can be said that Venette has poor ________ memory.


A) prospective
B) source
C) fluid
D) procedural

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A ________ plans and develops services and educational programs that address patterns of human development related to aging.


A) gerontologist
B) pediatrician
C) gynecologist
D) dermatologist

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is true?


A) Episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults.
B) Older adults are usually unable to retrieve semantic information.
C) Episodic memory and semantic memory remain unchanged in older adults.
D) Older adults can retrieve semantic information from long ago but not from the recent past.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A recent study of older adults by Manning and Miles revealed that religious service attendance was associated with a


A) higher risk of mortality.
B) higher level of resilience in life.
C) lower risk of Alzheimer disease.
D) decrease in life satisfaction.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which gene is the strongest genetic predictor of late-onset Alzheimer disease?

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Mr. Dalton has been complaining of irregular and involuntary movement in the right part of his body. The doctors noticed that Mr. Dalton has been showing signs of slow movement and partial facial paralysis. The chronic and progressive nature of the illness was revealed in the pathological findings. Which of the following conditions does Mr. Dalton most likely suffer from?


A) Alzheimer disease
B) Multi-infarct syndrome
C) Lewy body dementia
D) Parkinson disease

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Name the drug that is a combination of memantine and donepezil and is used to treat Alzheimer disease.

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________ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment.


A) Selective
B) Sustained
C) Divided
D) Executive

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true of the speed of processing information?


A) Moderate-intensity aerobic training improves processing speed in older adults better than high-intensity aerobic training.
B) Processing speed increases through the childhood, declines during adolescent years, and later increases during early adulthood.
C) A slowing of processing speed is linked to the emergence of dementia in succeeding years.
D) Age-related losses in processing speed are linked to improvements in neural connectivity.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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A person with ________ does not feel well, loses stamina easily, has a poor appetite, and is listless and unmotivated.


A) obsessive compulsive disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) dementia
D) major depression

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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