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Which of the following statements is true of the middle layer of the embryo?


A) It will develop into the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system.
B) It will develop into the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts.
C) It primarily produces internal body parts.
D) It primarily produces surface parts.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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A pediatrician is testing baby Rosaria. The doctor assesses Rosaria's neurological development, reflexes, and reactions to people and objects. Rosaria's pediatrician is using the


A) Apgar Scale.
B) Infant IQ test.
C) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
D) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Malorie was born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy. Malorie would be termed a(n) ________ baby.


A) preterm
B) aged
C) average
D) normal

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The germinal period of development takes place in the ________ after conception.


A) first two weeks
B) first two months
C) first three months
D) first seven weeks

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Identify the formation of a close connection, especially a physical bond, between parents and their newborn in the period shortly after birth.

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The inner layer of cells of the embryo is referred to as the


A) mesoderm.
B) epidermis.
C) endometrium.
D) endoderm.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is true of the stages of childbirth?


A) The first stage terminates when the baby completely emerges from the mother's body.
B) Uterine contractions start in the final stage of the birth process.
C) The first stage is the longest of the three birth stages.
D) The first stage of birth is longer for a woman who is having her second or third child.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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How can maternal obesity negatively impact pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the child?

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For the mother, maternal obesity puts he...

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According to a recent study, which of the following observations was made about women who participated in the CenteringPregnancy program?


A) More women felt secure without the aid of midwives.
B) Many women reported feeling more stressed after a session.
C) Women had higher breast-feeding rates.
D) Low-income women benefited less from the program.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Dakota was born after 40 weeks of gestation and weighed four pounds. Dakota would be considered


A) a preterm baby.
B) a premature baby.
C) to have a low birth weight.
D) normal and average for babies born today.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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The Apgar Scale is especially good at determining


A) the severity of limb deformities of the newborn.
B) the newborn's susceptibility to common postnatal complications.
C) the newborn's ability to cope with the stress of delivery.
D) the newborn's lactose tolerance.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements best distinguishes neurogenesis from neuronal migration?


A) Neurogenesis refers to the closure of the neural tube 27 days after conception, whereas neuronal migration refers to the formation of the neural tube 18 days after conception.
B) Neurogenesis is the occurrence of connections between neurons postnatally, whereas neuronal migration is the formation of the blastocyst and trophoblast.
C) Neurogenesis occurs 24-30 hours after fertilization, whereas neuronal migration occurs during the first two weeks after conception.
D) Neurogenesis refers to the formation of new neurons, whereas neuronal migration refers to the movement of cells outward to create the different levels, structures, and regions of the brain.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Julianne lost her baby early in her pregnancy. Which of the following paternal factors could have possibly led to this outcome?


A) Her partner was overweight.
B) Her partner was a heavy smoker, even during her pregnancy.
C) Her partner is deficient in vitamin C.
D) Her partner was undergoing severe emotional stress during her pregnancy.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Tammy is pregnant with her first child. She tells you that she loves swordfish and has it for dinner two or three times a week. Based on current research, what advice should you give Tammy about her diet?


A) Swordfish is a great source of protein and she should continue to consume it.
B) Swordfish is not as good for her as king mackerel; she should try to eat more mackerel.
C) Swordfish is not recommended for pregnant women because it can contain high levels of mercury.
D) Swordfish is a good part of her diet, but Tammy should also eat other large fish that contain omega-3 fatty acids.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The doctor warned Selena, a 30-year-old pregnant woman, that using methadone for her treatment will result in severe consequences. Why is Selena considering methadone for her treatment, and what is the consequence of using this drug?


A) Selena is addicted to alcohol. Methadone is a common treatment for alcohol addiction but is known to cause very low birth weight in newborns.
B) Selena is addicted to heroin. Methadone is a common treatment for heroin addiction but is known to cause very severe withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
C) Selena is addicted to smoking. Methadone is a common treatment for nicotine addiction but is known to cause lower intelligence in children.
D) Selena is addicted to marijuana. Methadone is a common treatment for marijuana addiction but is known to cause lower quality of reflexes at one month of age.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Marlena, who just found out she is pregnant, has very poor eating habits. Her total calorie intake is very low. She eats little protein and unbalanced amounts of vitamins and minerals. If she continues her present eating habits, which of the following is most likely to occur?


A) The baby will not be affected.
B) The baby will develop Down syndrome.
C) The baby is more likely to be malformed.
D) The baby is more likely to have severe withdrawal symptoms.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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What is the recommended daily dosage of folic acid for pregnant women, as issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services?


A) 100 milligrams
B) 200 micrograms
C) 200 milligrams
D) 400 micrograms

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Giovanna was found to be Rh incompatible with her first child. To prevent her body from producing antibodies that would attack any future Rh-incompatible fetuses, her doctor gave her ________.


A) Rohypnol
B) RhoGAM
C) hemoglobin
D) RhSYS

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The ________ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as well as shockproof.


A) placental wall
B) pericardial fluid
C) umbilical cord
D) amniotic fluid

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Cathy is preparing for the birth of her first child. She asks her doctor when her baby may begin to assume the birth position. Which of the following would be her doctor's response?


A) 32 weeks onward
B) 24 weeks onward
C) 20 weeks onward
D) 16 weeks onward

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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